Biology Lab 2

Front 1

prokaryote

Back 1

pro=first, karyote=kernel; unicellular; lack a nuclear membrane around the nucleus; lack cellular organelles that are bound by membranes (no cholorplasts, no mitochondria)

Front 2

eukaryotes

Back 2

eu=true; can be unicellular but typically are multicellular; have a nucleus bounded by a nuclear membrane and have organelles bound by membranes (mitochondria and chloroplasts)

Front 3

endosymbiosis

Back 3

endo=within, sym=same, biosis=life; theory suggests that these organelles (mitochondria and chloroplasts) were actually free-living bacteria in the distant past but were captured and ingested by larger bacterial cells

Front 4

cell wall

Back 4

made up of polysaccharides and amino acids; these protect the bacteria against mechanical and osmotic damage

Front 5

autotrophs

Back 5

'self-feeders'; produce their own energy from sunglight or from inorganic compounds; can be photosynthetic

Front 6

heterotrophs

Back 6

fed by others; use energy produced by other organisms; play a major role in creating our oxygen atmosphere

Front 7

nitrogen fixation

Back 7

can change atmospheric Nitrogen (N2), into a form that can be used by plants; essential for agricultural crops

Front 8

binary fission

Back 8

divide into replicas of themselves; asexual reproduction

Front 9

conjugation

Back 9

exchange of genetic material; rudimentary form of sexual reproduction

Front 10

bacillus

Back 10

rod shaped

Front 11

coccus

Back 11

spherical

Front 12

spirillum

Back 12

spiral shaped

Front 13

algae

Back 13

use various combinations of the major chlorophyll pigments, chlorophyll a, b, c mixed with a wide array of other pigments that give some of them very distinctive colors

Front 14

protozoa

Back 14

heterotrophic protists made up this group of phyla

Front 15

diffusion

Back 15

passive movement of materials from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration, to move gases and waste materials in and out of the cell; results from the random motion of molecules

Front 16

phagocytosis

Back 16

engulf their food in their cell membrane and pinch off a section of membrane to form a hllow space inside their cell

Front 17

vacuole

Back 17

protists use these to store water, enzymes, and waste products; a hollow space

Front 18

flagella

Back 18

tiny movable hairs; similar strucuture to cilia

Front 19

pseudopodia

Back 19

false feet

Front 20

contractile vacuole

Back 20

drains the cell of waster products and squirts them outside the cell

Front 21

cilia

Back 21

tiny movable hairs; similar structure to flagella

Front 22

spores

Back 22

haploid reproductive cells that can develop directly into adults

Front 23

cytoplasmic streaming

Back 23

process where the cilia move about by extending part their body in a certain direction, and then flow into that extension

Front 24

endosymbiont

Back 24

theory that proposes the engulfed prokaryotes provided their hosts with certain advantages associated with their special metabolic abilities

Front 25

red tide

Back 25

poisonous and destructive; occur frequently in coastal areas often associated with population explosions of dinoflagellates, whose pigments color the water; kill the marine life

Front 26

parasite/parasitic

Back 26

organism that lives on or in another organism of a different species and derives nutrients from it

Front 27

colonial organism

Back 27

specialization of cells, division of labor, communication between cells

Front 28

diatomaceous earth

Back 28

diatom shells

Front 29

chorophyll a & b

Back 29

used for photosynthesis