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52 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Define Homeostasis
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Internal balance, as change occurs in the environment around an animal
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How many chromosones does a human egg contain ?
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23
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How many chromosomes does a human sperm contain ?
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23
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The smallest unit of life is
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A cell
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A cell is composed of what and in which order ?
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Chromosones - DNA - Genes
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DNA stands for ?
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deoxyribonucleic acid
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At conception how may chromosomes does a human cell contain?
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46
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What is recombinant DNA?
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DNA that has been formed artificially by combining constituents from diffirent organisms.
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A human digestive system is comprised of?
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stomach, intestines, liver, pancreas.
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What is an integumentary system and what does it do ?
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Made up of skin and is the first line defense against infection.
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Our immune system is comprised of?
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thymus, spleen and lymph nodes
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Our nervous system is comprised of ?
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brain, spinal cord and nerves
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What is the function of the endocrine system and of what is it composed?
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Produces hormones that control your body functions. Consists of your glands.
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An individual living thing is called an?
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Organism.
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What are the eight characteristics that define life?
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They contain DNA
They maintain internal order They regulate their systems (homeostasis). They respond to environmental signals. They transfer energy They grow and develop They reproduce They have traits that evolved over time (bollocks)! |
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What is discovery science?
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Seeking out and observing living things.
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Define hypothesis-based science
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Testing scientific understanding through experimentation.
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What are the 6 key components of the scientific method?
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(1) First, make observations and come up with the questions.
(2) Then, form a hypothesis (3) Next, make predictions and design experiments to test the idea(s). (4) Test the idea(s) through experimention. (5) Then make conclusions about the findings. (6) Communicate conclusion(s) with other scientists. |
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One important point about a scientific hypothesis is that it must be .....
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testable or falsifiable.
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What is a experimental variable?
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The factor you want to test (also called an independent variable).
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What is a responding variable?
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The factor you measure (also called a dependent variable).
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What is a controlled variable?
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Any factor you want to remain the same between treatments in your experiment.
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What do acid molecules tend to do when added to water?
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Release hydrogen ions (H+).
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In a nutshell, what is an acid.
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A proton donator.
eg. it will give up an H+ ion in a reaction. HCl+H2O => H30 + Cl- in the above reaction the acid (HCl) donated the proton (H+) to the H2O |
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In a nutshell, what is a base?
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a base is a proton acceptor
eg. it will accept an H+ ion in a reaction NaOH + H2O => OH- + Na+ in the above reaction the base (NaOH) accepter the proton (H+) from the H2O |
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What does the term pH represent?
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The hydrogen ion concentration in a solution.
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What number is neutral on the ph scale.
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7
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The pH scale goes from 1 to?
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14
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What is the pH of a solution when the hydrogen and hydroxide ions are equal?
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7
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If a molecule releases hydrogen into water it's an?
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Acid.
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The lower the pH the _________ the acid
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Stronger.
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A solution that contains more __________ ions then __________
ions is basic and its pH is ______ than 7 |
Hydroxide. Hydrogen. Higher. 7.
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Bases break apart or ____________ into ___________ ions (OH-) and a positive ion
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dissociate. Hydroxide.
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A solution that contains more _______ ions then _________ ions is acidic and its pH is less than __
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Hydrogen. Hydroxide. 7.
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What is cytoplasm?
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Cytoplasm is a thick liquid residing between the cell membrane holding all the cell's internal sub-structures (called organelles), except for the nucleus.
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In organisms what solutions are the required ions (e.g. electrolytes) floating in?
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The blood or cytoplasm.
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What is the pH of most substances in the body?
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7
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How do buffers in the human body keep solutions at a steady pH?
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By combining with excess hydrogen (H+) or hydroxide (OH-) ions.
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What are the most common buffers in the human body
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(HCO3-) Bicarbonate ion and (H2CO3) Carbonic acid.
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What ion carries CO2 through the bloodstream to the lungs to be exhaled.
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(HCO3-) Bicarbonate.
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How do bicarbonate ions (HCO3-) prevent the pH of the blood from getting to low?
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By taking up extra Hydrogen ions and forming carbonic acid (H2CO3).
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Which buffer does the body employ when the the bloods pH gets to high and how does this buffer lower it?
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Carbonic acid (HC203) which breaks apart to release hydrogen irons.
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Which buffer does the body employ when the bloods pH gets to low and how does this buffer raise it?
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Bicarbonate ions (HCO3-) which takes up extra hydrogen ions by forming carbonic acid.
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If the blood becomes to acidic what is this condition called?
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acidosis
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If the pH of the blood get to high, what is this condition called?
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alkalosis.
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Which atom is the central focus of organic chemistry?
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C
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What is the bond called when carbon bonds to hydrogen.
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A covalent bond.
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What do hydrogen and carbon share when they form a covalent bond?
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A pair of electrons.
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Molecules with lots of carbon-hydrogen bonds are called?
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Hydrocarbons.
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Define a hydrocarbon.
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A molecule with lots of carbon-hydrogen bonds.
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What elements are often joined to carbon in organisms?
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H, S, O
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Where do organisms get their carbon containing molecules?
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From their food.
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