Biology - Exam 4 - Study Guide 3

Front 1

Defense of an area that contains important resources for survival is termed:
A) passive behavior.
B) territoriality.
C) aggression.
D) kinesis.
E) appeasement.

Back 1

B) territoriality.

Front 2

After a forested area such as a national forest is clear-cut, what type of succession occurs?
A) secondary
B) subclimax
C) climax
D) primary
E) biome

Back 2

A) secondary

Front 3

In the process called________, species act as agents of natural selection on one another.
A) mutualism
B) competition
C) succession
D) coevolution
E) symbiosis

Back 3

D) coevolution

Front 4

A caterpillar develops toxic spikes to deter the bird that preys on it. Over time the bird develops a digestive
enzyme that neutralizes the toxin. This is an example of:
A) parasitism.
B) mutualism.
C) coevolution.
D) an invasive species.
E) mimicry.

Back 4

C) coevolution.

Front 5

Autotrophs gain energy from:
A) primary producers.
B) secondary producers.
C) secondary consumers.
D) the sun and inorganic nutrients.
E) omnivores.

Back 5

D) the sun and inorganic nutrients.

Front 6

The amount of life that an ecosystem can support is determined primarily by the:
A) efficiency of the consumers
B) number of chemoautotrophs.
C) number of producers and their efficiency
D) efficiency of the heterotrophs.
E) number of heterotrophs.

Back 6

C) number of producers and their efficiency

Front 7

If you teach your dog to sit by giving him a treat for every correct response, this is an example of:
A) innate behavior.
B) operant conditioning.
C) trial-and-error learning.
D) habituation.
E) insight learning.

Back 7

B) operant conditioning.

Front 8

Mosquitoes are:
A) prey.
B) hosts.
C) mutualists.
D) parasites.
E) predators.

Back 8

D) parasites.

Front 9

The temperatures at the equator remain warm year-round because:
A) there are large oceans near the equator that absorb large amounts of heat.
B) Earth's natural curvature places the equator nearer the sun.
C) Earth's rotation on a tilted axis creates more atmospheric friction at the equator.
D) the sun shines over the equator more hours in the day.
E) sunlight strikes the equator relatively directly with little seasonal variation.

Back 9

E) sunlight strikes the equator relatively directly with

Front 10

Competition between the members of two species is:
A) least intense between similar species and is referred to as interspecific.
B) most intense when the species are most similar and is referred to as interspecific.
C) always very intense and is referred to as intraspecific.
D) unusual and is referred to as interspecific.
E) very common and is referred to as intraspecific.

Back 10

B) most intense when the species are most similar and is referred to as interspecific.

Front 11

The dominant animal in a social hierarchy, such as a wolf pack, is called:
A) alpha.
B) general.
C) master.
D) king.
E) predator.

Back 11

A) alpha.

Front 12

Fleas feed on the blood of dogs, cats, and people. What is this ecological relationship called?
A) parasitism
B) predation
C) mutualism
D) competition
E) resource partitioning

Back 12

A) parasitism

Front 13

In the Australian outback, emus feeding in the open brush lands resemble the bushes. This is an example of:
A) mimicry.
B) camouflage.
C) interspecies competition.
D) coevolution.
E) warning coloration.

Back 13

B) camouflage.

Front 14

Sap-feeding insects that feed on plants without consuming them completely may be classified as:
A) prey.
B) predators.
C) hosts.
D) mutualists.
E) parasites.

Back 14

E) parasites.

Front 15

The photosynthetic bacteria that form the basis of the food chain in Great Salt Lake are classified as:
A) primary producers.
B) herbivores.
C) secondary consumers.
D) carnivores.
E) omnivores.

Back 15

A) primary producers.

Front 16

If an insect eats the lettuce seedlings in your yard, it is acting most like a(n):
A) mutualist.
B) omnivore.
C) herbivore.
D) host.
E) carnivore.

Back 16

C) herbivore.

Front 17

Which nutrient cycle lacks an atmospheric reservoir?
A) phosphorus
B) oxygen
C) nitrogen
D) carbon
E) water

Back 17

A) phosphorus

Front 18

After eating at the new restaurant in town, you develop a mild case of food poisoning. Consequently, you never go back to that restaurant again. This is an example of:
A) trial-and-error learning.
B) innate behavior.
C) operant conditioning.
D) habituation.
E) insight learning.

Back 18

A) trial-and-error learning.

Front 19

Which of the following components is NOT involved in the phosphorus cycle?
A) the atmosphere
B) some rocks and soil
C) producers
D) decomposers
E) consumers

Back 19

A) the atmosphere

Front 20

Certain bacteria and fungi that are important in nutrient recycling because they release nutrients from dead
organisms back into the ecosystem are:
A) carnivores.
B) detritus feeders.
C) decomposers.
D) autotrophs.
E) recyclers.

Back 20

C) decomposers.

Front 21

A biologist who investigates how organisms interact with one another and with their nonliving environment is studying:
A) physiology.
B) ecology.
C) genetics.
D) anatomy.
E) morphology.

Back 21

B) ecology.

Front 22

Which of the following is an important density-independent factor limiting population size?
A) competition
B) predation
C) environmental resistance
D) quantity of food
E) weather

Back 22

E) weather

Front 23

Why is the African elephant considered a keystone species?
A) Elephants live in large cooperative herds that dominate other smaller groups within the community.
B) It is the largest organism in its community.
C) Elephant populations are larger than the populations of any other organisms in their community.
D) Elephants eat more food than any other species in their community.
E) The removal of elephants from their community would result in drastic changes in the ecological structure of the community.

Back 23

E) The removal of elephants from their community would result in drastic changes in the ecological structure of the community.

Front 24

When a population has inhabited an area for a long time and the population size has stabilized because of space and
food limitations:
A) predation decreases.
B) density-independent factors are involved.
C) density dependence is clearly not involved in the population growth.
D) the environmental resistance declines.
E) the carrying capacity of the area has been reached.

Back 24

E) the carrying capacity of the area has been reached.

Front 25

If the plants in a community produce 500 grams of organic matter per square meter per year that is available for
animals in the community to eat, this amount of energy is known as the:
A) secondary productivity of the community.
B) trophic factor of the community.
C) net primary productivity of the community.
D) consumership of the community.
E) availability factor of the community.

Back 25

C) net primary productivity of the community.