Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
37 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
Oncogens |
Gain Function |
|
|
Tumor Sppressor |
Loose function |
|
|
Steps in DNA replication |
1. Initiation 2. Elongation 3. Termination |
|
|
Antiparallel strand synthesis |
Parental template: orientation 3' to 5' and read from 5' to 3' Bottom strand: orientation 5' to 3' > okazaki |
|
|
High fidelity |
DNA pol 3 backtracks> exonuclease |
|
|
Helicase |
Unwinds DNA helix |
|
|
Single Strand Binding Protein |
Keeps strands separated |
|
|
Topoisomerase |
Untwists DNA ahead of helicase. Cuts it and then reconnects it |
|
|
Primase |
Synthesis a small piece of DNA (primer) in 5' to 3' |
|
|
Resolution |
Ability to see something inversely related to the wavelength of light/electrons is used |
|
|
Cell cycle |
1. Interphase G1, S, G2 2. Mitotic phase |
|
|
Circled DNA vs. Linear |
Bacterial= circular Eukaryotic= linear |
|
|
Nuclear envelope |
Double membrane structure Perforated by nuclear pore complexes -regulate trafficking and signaling |
|
|
Endomembrane system includes |
Nuclear envelope, ER, Golgi, Lysomomes, plasma membrane |
|
|
Functions of endomembrane system |
1. Protein synthesis and transport 2. Lipid metabolism and transport 3. Detoxification of poisons and drugs |
|
|
Smooth ER |
Does not contain ribosomes Functions: lipid synthesis, drug detoxification, calcium storage |
|
|
Rough ER |
Has ribosomes Functions: -Proteins 1. Synthesis 2. Folding 3. Glycosylation -Vesicular transport |
|
|
Golgi |
Comprised of cisternae Two faces: cis (recieving) trans (shipping) VESICLES |
|
|
Function of Golgi |
Protein: modification, storage, sorting Carbohydrate Synthesis |
|
|
What is a Lysomome |
Membranous sac of hydrolytic enzymes produced by the ER and modified by Golgi |
|
|
Lysomome function |
Break down damaged organelles If not.... TaySachs disease |
|
|
Types of vacuoles |
Food, contractile, central |
|
|
Mitochondria characteristics |
Double membrane Inner membrane= cristae Intermembrane space then Mitochondrial Matrix= inside inner membrane |
|
|
Functions of Mitochondria (3) |
1. ATP production 2. Programmes cells death 3. Regulates cell activity |
|
|
Peroxisomes |
Single Membrane Functions: 1. Degrade fatty acids 2. Detoxify harmful components 3. Neutralize oxidative radicals |
|
|
Cytoskeleton functions (4) |
1. Cell shape 2. Organelle support 3. Cell motility 4. Vesicular transport |
|
|
Microtubules |
Made up of tublin dimers (Largest and longest) Organize movement |
|
|
Microfilments |
Made of actin (smallest and shortest) Movement of contraction |
|
|
Intermediate filaments |
Various things like keratin -resistance |
|
|
Chloroplasts |
Double membrane Key features: thylakoids, granum Intermembrane= smooth |
|
|
Law of segregation |
50% chance of getting either allele |
|
|
Law of Independent Assortment |
2 chromosomes> 4 distinct gametes 25% chance |
|
|
Law of Independent Assortment |
Dihybrid cross (RRYY) x (rryy) |
|
|
Incomplete Dominance |
Neither allele is completely dominant |
|
|
Chiasma |
X shaped chromatid pair after crossing over |
|
|
Centromere |
Holds two chromatin together, on the chiasma |
|
|
Centrosomes |
Ends of spindle fibers |
