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33 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What are plants? |
Photosynthetic eukaryotes of the kingdom plantae |
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Is Kingdom Plantae a true clade? |
Yes |
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How many species in Kingdom Plantae? |
300,000 species |
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Most recent common ancestor of plants |
Charophytes: A group of green algae (Protists) |
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What are chloroplasts derived from? |
Primary endosymbiosis |
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What type of chlorophyll do plants have? |
Chlorophyll A and B |
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Streptophytes |
Term for land plants and charophyte green algae |
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Characteristics of land plants: |
-Embryo protected by parent tissue. -Supporting tissue in stem. -Arose 400-500 mya. |
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The major clades: |
Bryophytes, Lycophytes, Monilophytes, Spermatophytes (include angiosperms + gymnosperms) |
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Vascular tissue arose in: |
Lycophytes, Monilophytes, Spermatophytes |
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Seeds arose in: |
Spermatophytes |
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Flowers arose in: |
Angiosperms |
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Examples of Bryophytes |
Liverworts, Hornworts, Mosses |
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Examples of Lycophytes |
Club mosses, Spike mosses, Quillworts |
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Monilophytes |
Horsetails, Ferns, Whisk ferns |
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Challenges that plants faced when transitioning to land: |
-Reproduction is harder -No support tissue -Drying out -Less nutrients |
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Advantages when transitioning to land: |
-Escaped animal predators in water -More sunlight -More CO2 |
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Cuticle |
Keeps plant from drying out |
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Apicle meristem |
Stem cells that allow plant to grow upwards |
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Gametangia |
Makes sperm and eggs that don’t dry out |
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Protected embryos |
Protects baby plant from drying out |
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Pigments |
Protects plant from UV rays/radiation |
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Stomata |
Helps regulate H2O, O2, CO2 levels |
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Spores |
Reproductive structure |
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Cell walls with lignin |
Helps plant to be strong and upright |
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Vascular tissue |
Transports water and nutrients |
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Roots |
Give support and draw water/nutrients from soil |
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Defensive chemicals |
Compete with other organisms + protection |
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Fungal symbiosis |
On roots, helps plant to obtain more water |
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All plants are haplodiplontic. What does this mean? |
Has multicellular haploid and diploid phases |
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Sporophyte |
Diploid phase. Makes haploid spores via meiosis. |
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Gametophyte |
Haploid phase. Makes gametes via mitosis. |
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How is a zygote formed? |
Two gametes fuse together |
