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44 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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evolution
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change over tiem
the process by which modern organisms have descended from ancient organisms |
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charles darwin
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born in england on 1809
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HMS BEAGLE
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set sail in 1831 from england for a voyage around the world
darwin made numberous observations and collected evidence that led him to propose a evolutionary hypothesis about the way LIFE CAHNGES OVER TIME |
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waht was darwin looking for?
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a scientific explanation for the diversity of life on this planet
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what did be begin to realize during his travels
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that where is an enormous number of species inhabit the Earth
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what else did he become intruiged by
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that so many plants and animals seemed remarkably well suited to wahtever environment they inhabited. he was wonderin if there was some process that led to such a variety of ways of reproducing
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fossils
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darwin found that some fossils resembled organisms that were still alive but some looked completely differnt from any creature he had ever seene
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waht group of islands influenced darwin the most
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the galapagos
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small low islands
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hot dry and barren
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higher islands
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greater rainfall and differnt plants and animals
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tortoises on the island
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that shape of the tortoises shell could be used to indentify which island a particular tortoise inhabited
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birds
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different shaped beaks
he observed that the characteristics of many animals and plants varied noticeably among the different islands of the galapagos he hypothesized that the aniamls came from a common ancestor but live on differnt islands |
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two scientists who formed important theories based on this evidence were:
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James HUTTON and Charles LYELL
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waht did they help scientists do?
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relalize that the earth is millions of years old and the processes that changed Earth in the past are the same proceses that operate in the present
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james hutton published
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layers of rock form slowly
pushed up from the beneath Earths surface |
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evolution
|
change over tiem
the process by which modern organisms have descended from ancient organisms |
|
|
charles darwin
|
born in england on 1809
|
|
|
HMS BEAGLE
|
set sail in 1831 from england for a voyage around the world
darwin made numberous observations and collected evidence that led him to propose a evolutionary hypothesis about the way LIFE CAHNGES OVER TIME |
|
|
waht was darwin looking for?
|
a scientific explanation for the diversity of life on this planet
|
|
|
what did be begin to realize during his travels
|
that where is an enormous number of species inhabit the Earth
|
|
|
what else did he become intruiged by
|
that so many plants and animals seemed remarkably well suited to wahtever environment they inhabited. he was wonderin if there was some process that led to such a variety of ways of reproducing
|
|
|
fossils
|
darwin found that some fossils resembled organisms that were still alive but some looked completely differnt from any creature he had ever seene
|
|
|
waht group of islands influenced darwin the most
|
the galapagos
|
|
|
small low islands
|
hot dry and barren
|
|
|
higher islands
|
greater rainfall and differnt plants and animals
|
|
|
tortoises on the island
|
that shape of the tortoises shell could be used to indentify which island a particular tortoise inhabited
|
|
|
birds
|
different shaped beaks
he observed that the characteristics of many animals and plants varied noticeably among the different islands of the galapagos he hypothesized that the aniamls came from a common ancestor but live on differnt islands |
|
|
two scientists who formed important theories based on this evidence were:
|
James HUTTON and Charles LYELL
|
|
|
waht did they help scientists do?
|
relalize that the earth is millions of years old and the processes that changed Earth in the past are the same proceses that operate in the present
|
|
|
james hutton published
|
layers of rock form slowly
pushed up from the beneath Earths surface |
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natural selection
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environment sets criteria
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aritifical selection
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humans select waht they want
-nature provided the variation among different organisms and humans selected those variations that they found useful |
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transmutation
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aka evolution
-organisms change overtime |
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immutability
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things dont change
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fitness
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you have what it takes to survive
-the ability of an individual to survive and reproduce in its specifc environment |
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evidence for evolution:
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geographic distribution
embyronic structures fossils DNA embryology |
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natural variation
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differences among individuals of a species found in all types of organisms
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struggle for existence
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means that members of each species compete regularly to obtain food lving space and other necessties of life
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adapation
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any inherited characteristic that increases an organisms chance of survival
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darwin concluded about adaptation
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successful adaptations enable organisms to become more suited to their environment and thus have a better chance of surivival and to reproduce
-it cna physical or more complex such as behavior changes |
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survival of the fittest
aka natural selection |
individuals that are better suited to their environment suvive and reproduce most successfully
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natural selection
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results in changes in the inhertied characteristics of a population
-these changes increas a species fitness in its environment |
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descent with modification
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each living species has descended with changes from otehr species over time
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common descent
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all species-living and extinct-were dervied from common ancestors
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