Biology Eoc Review Pgs. 1-4

Front 1

What do you call this characteristic of a living thing:

- Made up of cells

Back 1

cellular organization

Front 2

What do you call this characteristic of a living thing:

-can make new organism

Back 2

reproduction

Front 3

What do you call this characteristic of a living thing:

-Needs a source of energy

-plants get their energy from the sun

-animals get their energy from the food they eat

Back 3

metabolism

Front 4

What do you call this characteristic of a living thing:

- can pass on DNA

-DNA: deoxyribonucleic acid, contains molecular instructions for growth and development

Back 4

heredity

Front 5

What do you call this characteristic of a living thing:

-reacts to light, temperature, sound and other parts in the environment

Back 5

responsiveness

Front 6

What are the 2 other characteristics of all living things besides:

-cellular organization

-reproduction

-metabolism

-heredity

-responsiveness

Back 6

growth and development

adapt through evolution

Front 7

How do plants get their energy to live?

Back 7

from the sun (photosynthesis)

Front 8

How do animals get their energy to live?

Back 8

from the food they eat

Front 9

The ability of an organism to keep its internal conditions about the same.

Back 9

homeostasis

Front 10

If your body gets too hot, your body will start ___ to help you cool down.

This is an example of homeostasis.

Back 10

sweating

Front 11

How do biological materials respond to acids and bases?

Back 11

Not well. Body processes don't have a wide tolerance for pH differences. All biological matter have a limited range that the pH can be.

Front 12

A molecule that donates or accepts protons to resist changes in pH as acids or bases are added to the solution.

Back 12

buffer

Front 13

What element makes all things "organic"?

Back 13

proteins

Front 14

Macromolecule that can be broken down to produce energy in cells (1st choice).

Some make up plant cell walls

Back 14

carbohydrate

Front 15

Macromolecule that is involved in different body functions including movement, eyesight, and digestion.

Helps enzymes, oxygen transport, muscle movement, etc.

Back 15

proteins

Front 16

What is the sub unit (monomer) of proteins?

Back 16

amino acids

Front 17

Molecules that contain carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen and sometimes sulfur.

Back 17

amino acids

Front 18

Macromolecule that can be used for energy in the cell (2nd choice).

Makes up cell membrane

Used to make hormones

Back 18

lipids

Front 19

What is the sub unit (monomer) of lipids?

Back 19

fatty acids

Front 20

Chains of carbon atoms bonded to hydrogen atoms.

Back 20

fatty acids

Front 21

Macromolecule that codes for proteins.

Types: DNA, RNA, ATP

Back 21

nucleic acids

Front 22

Type of nucleic acid that stores genetic info.

Back 22

DNA

Front 23

Type of nucleic acid that builds proteins

Back 23

RNA

Front 24

Type of nucleic acid that is the energy molecule for cells

Back 24

ATP

Front 25

What is the sub unit (monomer) for nucleic acids?

Back 25

nucleotides

Front 26

Made up of sugar, a phosphate group, and a nitrogen-containing molecule called a base.

Back 26

nucleotide

Front 27

The connections between atoms in a compound.

Back 27

chemical bond

Front 28

What are the 2 major types of chemical bonds?

Back 28

covalent bonds

ionic bond

Front 29

Chemical bond formed by the sharing of a pair of electrons by two atoms.

Back 29

covalent bond

Front 30

Chemical bond between 2 ions formed through the transfer of one or more electrons.

Back 30

ionic bond

Front 31

Breaking a chemical bond requires...

Back 31

energy

Front 32

The amount of energy that it takes to break a bond between 2 atoms is called...

Back 32

bond energy

Front 33

____ is released when chemical bonds form.

Back 33

energy

Front 34

An electron of an atom, located in the outermost shell (valence shell) of the atom, that can be transferred to or shared with another atom.

Back 34

valence electron

Front 35

____ ____ can be involved in bonding by being shared by 2 atoms in order to complete a covalent bond.

Back 35

valence electrons

Front 36

Substances that speed up chemical reactions and decreases activation energy and increases reaction rate.

Back 36

catalyst

Front 37

Why is the shape of an enzyme important?

Back 37

because it only allows certain molecules to bond to that enzyme

Front 38

What are the specific molecules than an enzyme acts on called...

Back 38

substrate

Front 39

Enzymes and substrates work like a ___ and ___.

Back 39

lock and key

Front 40

What determines the shape of an enzyme?

Back 40

sequence of amino acids

Front 41

Why are enzymes specific?

Back 41

Have a specific substrate they fit with. Have certain enzymes for specific chemical reactions.

Front 42

How can enzymes be used over and over again?

Back 42

Enzymes are not consumed in the reaction they catalyze. Because they remain unchanged they can be used over and over again.

Front 43

How do extreme temperatures affect enzymes?

Back 43

Temperature increases increases the rate of reaction. If temperature is too high denature will begin to occur to the enzyme.

Front 44

How do extreme pH levels affect enzymes?

Back 44

It can affect the shape of the enzyme and change properties of the substrate so the substrate can't bind to the enzyme or the active site can undergo catalysis.

Front 45

Most enzymes end with what suffix (with the exception of a few)?

Back 45

-ase

Front 46

Enzyme that helps change sugar into starches.

Back 46

amylase

Front 47

Enzyme that is living in organisms and helps with digestion, transportation, etc.

Back 47

lipase

Front 48

Enzyme that breaks down sugar to form glucose in the saliva.

Back 48

maltase

Front 49

At what temperature is it best for the enzyme to work? Why?

Back 49

37.5 degrees Celsius because it's the human body's natural temperature

Front 50

What does the term "membrane bound organelles" mean?

Back 50

Organelles that are protected by a single or double plasma membrane.

Front 51

What cell type are "membrane bound organelles" found in?

Back 51

Eukaryotic cells

Front 52

Bacteria is this type of cell.

Back 52

prokaryotic

Front 53

This type of cell has no nucleus.

Back 53

prokaryotic

Front 54

this type of cell has no organelles except 1: ribosomes.

Back 54

prokaryotic

Front 55

This type of cell can have a cell wall.

Back 55

prokaryotic and eukaryotic

Front 56

This type of cell has organelles.

Back 56

eukaryotic

Front 57

This type of cell can make organisms one-celled or multi-celled.

Back 57

eukaryotic

Front 58

This type of cell makes up plants and animals.

Back 58

eukaryotic

Front 59

Which type of cell is larger? Prokaryotic or Eukaryotic.

Back 59

Eukaryotic

Front 60

"pro" means...

Back 60

no

Front 61

"euk" means...

Back 61

you

Front 62

What are the 3 parts of the cell theory?

Back 62

1. all known living things are made up of one or more cells

2. All living things arise from pre-existing cells by division.

3. Cells are the fundamental units of structure and function in all living organisms.

Front 63

What is the function of the cell membrane?

Back 63

To protect the cell from its surroundings.

Front 64

List the organization of life from smallest to largest.

Back 64

cells

tissues

organs

organ system

organism

Front 65

The basic unit of life; "building blocks of life"

Back 65

cell

Front 66

Ensemble of similar cells from the same origin that together carry out a specific function.

Back 66

tissue

Front 67

collection of tissue joined in a structural unit to serve a common function.

Back 67

organ

Front 68

group of organs working together to perform one or more functions.

Back 68

organ system

Front 69

Individual living thing that can react to stimuli, reproduce, grow and maintain homeostasis.

Back 69

organism

Front 70

Stores and protects DNA of a cell

Back 70

nucleus

Front 71

protects cell from its surroundings and filters things that come in and out

Back 71

plasma membrane or cell membrane

Front 72

produces chemical energy that is usable by a cell.

Back 72

mitochondria

Front 73

links amino acids together to form proteins

Back 73

ribosomes

Front 74

network of thin, folded membranes that help in the production of proteins and other molecules.

Back 74

endoplasmic reticulum (ER)

Front 75

Strong, rigid layer that protects, supports and shapes plant cells.

Back 75

cell wall

Front 76

Carries out photosynthesis that stores energy from sunlight as chemical energy for the plant.

Back 76

chloroplasts

Front 77

Sacs of fluids that store materials in a cell.

Back 77

vacuoles

Front 78

Proteins are changed, put in packages and carried out to other parts of the cell in this organelle.

Back 78

Golgi1 apparatus

Front 79

What type of cell is this?

Back 79

plant cell

Front 80

What type of cell is this?

Back 80

animal cell

Front 81

What structures are only found in the plant cell?

Back 81

chloroplast

central vacuole

cell wall

Front 82

What structures are found only in the animal cell?

Back 82

centriole

lysosome

Front 83

What type of cell are plant and animal cells?

Back 83

eukaryotic

Front 84

What cell (plant or animal) contain membrane-bound organelles?

Back 84

plant and animal

Front 85

Which cell can be larger? Plant or animal?

Back 85

Plant

Front 86

What cells are round and irregular in shape? Plant or animal?

Back 86

animal

Front 87

What cells are fixed and rectangular shaped? Plant or animal.

Back 87

plant