Biology Chapter 9 Flashcards

Front 1

The first set of reactions in cellular respiration is:

Back 1

Glycolysis

Front 2

In glycolysis, each glucose molecule is broken down into:

Back 2

two molecules of pyruvic acid

Front 3

In the Krebs cycle ______ acid is broken down into _____ and _____

Back 3

pyruvic acid is broken down into co2 and h2O

Front 4

Which compounds are produced by the two main types of fermentation?

Back 4

alcohol or lactick acid

Front 5

animal cells cannot carry out

Back 5

alcoholic fermentation

Front 6

the most important product of the electron transport chain in cellular respiration is:

Back 6

ATP

Front 7

In cellular respiration, the final electron acceptor is:

Back 7

oxygen

Front 8

cellular respiration benefits organisms by:

Back 8

transferring energy to ATP

Front 9

The energy that is released during cellular respiration is stored as

Back 9

ATP and NADH

Front 10

Which process doesn't release energy from glucose?

Back 10

Photosynthesis

Front 11

What is glycolysis?

Back 11

first step in rele3asing the energy of glucose, in which a molecule of glucose is broken into two molecules of pyruvic acid.

Front 12

What make up the process called cellular respiration?

Back 12

Glycolysis, the Krebs cycle, and the electron transport chain.

Front 13

What is Cellular respiration?

Back 13

the process that releases energy by breaking down glucose and other food molecules in the presence of oxygen.

Front 14

What is the equation for cellular respiration?

Back 14

6O2 (oxygen) + C6H12O6 (glucose) = 6CO2 (carbon d) + 6H2O (water) + energy

Front 15

Cellular respiration requires:

Back 15

oxygen, and a food molecule such as glucose.

Front 16

Glycolysis takes place in the:

Back 16

cytoplasm

Front 17

The Krebs cycle and electron transport take place inside the:

Back 17

mitochondria

Front 18

Glcolysis is an ____ ____ process.

Back 18

Energy releasing.

Front 19

____ ATP molecules are distributed into the "account" to get glycolysis going, when it is complete, ______ ATP molecules have been produced.

Back 19

2
4

Front 20

This gives the cell in glycolysis a net gain of _____ ATP molecules.

Back 20

2

Front 21

One of the reactions of glycolysis removes ___ high-energy electrons and passes them to an electron carrier called _______

Back 21

4
NAD+

Front 22

The process of glycolysis is so fast that cells can produce thousands of ______ molecules in just a few milliseconds.

Back 22

ATP

Front 23

Glycolysis does not require______

Back 23

oxygen

Front 24

Glycolysis can supply ______ energy to cells when ______ is not available.

Back 24

Chemical
Oxygen

Front 25

Without ______ the cell cannot keep glycolysis going and _____ production stops.

Back 25

NAD+
ATP

Front 26

Fermentation occurs when:

Back 26

oxygen is not present in glycolysis

Front 27

Fermentation releases energy from food molecules by producing ______ in the absence of _________

Back 27

ATP
Oxygen

Front 28

During fermentation, cells convert _____ to ______ by passing high-energy electrons back to pyruvic acid.

Back 28

NADH
NAD+

Front 29

Because fermentation does not require oxygen it is said to be:

Back 29

anaerobic

Front 30

Anaerobic means

Back 30

Not in Air

Front 31

What is the equation for alcoholic fermentation after glycolysis:

Back 31

pyruvic acid + NADH -> alcohol + CO2 + NAD+

Front 32

Alcoholic fermentation produces _____ ____ as well as ____

Back 32

carbon dioxide
Alcohol

Front 33

What causes bread dough to rise?

Back 33

Alcoholic Fermentation

Front 34

Lactic acid fermentation regenerates _____ so that glycolysis can continue.

Back 34

NAD+

Front 35

The equation for lactic acid fermentation after glycolysis is:

Back 35

pyruvic acid + NADH -> lactic acid + NAD+

Front 36

Unicellular organisms also produce lactic acid as a ____ _____ during fermentation.

Back 36

waste product

Front 37

At the end of glycolysis, about ____ percent of the _____ energy that was available in glucose, is still unused, locked in the high-energy electrons of _______ _____.

Back 37

90
Chemical
Pyruvic Acid

Front 38

________ is required for the final steps of cellular respiration.

Back 38

Oxygen

Front 39

Because the pathways of cellular respiration require oxygen, they are said to be:

Back 39

Aerobic

Front 40

The Krebs cycle is named after ____ ____

Back 40

Hans Krebs

Front 41

During the Krebs cycle, ____ _____ is broken down into _____ ______ in a series of energy-extracting reactions.

Back 41

pyruvic acid
carbon dioxide

Front 42

Because citric acid is the first compound formed in this series of reactions, the krebs cycle is also known as the:

Back 42

citric acid cycle

Front 43

The Krebs cycle begins when _____ ______ produced by _________ enters the ______

Back 43

pyruvic acid
glycolysis
mitochondrion

Front 44

Acetyl-CoA is found in the ______ cycle.

Back 44

Krebs

Front 45

During the Krebs cycle, pyruvic acid is broken down into ____ _____ in a series of energy-extracting reactions.

Back 45

Carbon Dioxide

Front 46

The electron transport chain uses the high-energy electrons from the Krebs cyle to convert ____ into ____

Back 46

ADP
ATP

Front 47

The products of photosynthesis are similar to the reactants of:

Back 47

cellular respiration

Front 48

The products of cellular respiration are the reactants of:

Back 48

photosynthesis

Front 49

The krebs cycle generates high-energy electrons that are passed to ____ and ______.

Back 49

NADH
FADH2

Front 50

In eukaryotes, the electron transport chain is composed of a series of carrier proteins located in the:

Back 50

inner membrane of the mitochondrion

Front 51

In prokaryotes, the electron transport chain is composed of a series of carrier proteins located in the:

Back 51

cell membrane.

Front 52

At the end of the electron transport chain is an enzyme that combines these electrons with ____ and ____ to form water.

Back 52

Hydrogen
Oxygen

Front 53

_____ serves as the final electron acceptor of the electron transport chain.

Back 53

Oxygen

Front 54

_____ is essential for getting rid of low-energy electrons and hydrogen ions.

Back 54

Oxygens

Front 55

What are the wastes of cellular respiration?

Back 55

Low-Energy Electrons
Hydrogen Ions

Front 56

The Krebs cycle and electron transport enable the cell to produce _____ ATP molecules

Back 56

36

Front 57

The final wastes of cellular respiration are ____ and _____ ____

Back 57

water
carbon dioxide

Front 58

The remaining 62 percent of the total energy of glucose is ______

Back 58

released as heat

Front 59

Cellular respiration is the only way to:

Back 59

generate a continuing supply of ATP

Front 60

Lactic acid fermentation help when a runner needs to:

Back 60

Sprint