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32 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Asexual Reproduction
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Process in which a single cell or set of cells produces offspring that inherit all their genetic material from one parent.
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Sexual Reproduction
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Process in which genetic material from two parents combines and produces offspring that differ genetically from either parent.
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Chromatin
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Combination of DNA and protein molecules, in the form of long, thin fibers, making up the genetic material in the nucleus of a eukaryotic cell.
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Chromosomes
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Condensed threads of genetic material formed from chromatin as a cell prepares to divide.
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Sister Chromatids
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One of a pair of identical chromosomes created before a cell divides.
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Centromere
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Region where two sister chromatids are joined tightly together.
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Cell Cycle
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Sequence of events from the production of a eukaryotic cell to the time the cell itself reproduces.
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Interphase
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Stage of the cell cycle during which a cell carries out its metabolic processes and performs its functions in the body.
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Mitotic Phase
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Stage of the cell cycle when a cell is actively dividing.
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Mitosis
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Process by which the nucleus and duplicated chromosomes of a cell divide and are evenly distributed, forming two daughter nuclei.
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Cytokinesis
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Process by which the cytoplasm of a cell is divided in two, usually follows mitosis and meiosis.
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Spindle
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Framework of microtubules that guide the movement of chromosomes during mitosis and meiosis.
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Centrosomes
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Region of cytoplasmic material that in animal cells contains structures called centrioles.
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Prophase
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First stage of mitosis and of meiosis 1 &2, when the already replicated chromosomes condense.
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Metaphase
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Second stage of mitosis and of meiosis 1 &2, when the spindle is fully formed and all of the chromosomes are held in place.
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Anaphase
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Third phase of mitosis and meiosis 1 &2, in which the sister chromatids separate and move toward the poles of the spindle.
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Telophase
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Final stage of mitosis and of meiosis 1 & 2, in which the chromosomes reach the spindle poes, nuclear envelopes form around each set of daughter chromosomes and the nucleoli reappear.
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Cell Plate
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Disk containing cell wall material that develops in plant cells during cytokinesis, eventually dividing the cell into two daughter cells.
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Malignant Tumors
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Mass of abnormal cells resulting from uncontrolled cancer cell division.
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Cancer
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Disease caused by severe disruption of the mechanisms that normally control the cell cycle.
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Metastasis
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Spread of cancer cells beyond their original site in the body.
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Meiosis
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Type of cell division that produces four cells, each with half as many chromosomes as the parent cell.
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Homologous Chromosomes
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One of a matching pair of chromosomes, one inherited from each parent.
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Sex Chromosomes
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One of two chromosomes of the 23rd pair of human chromosomes, which determine an individual's gender.
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Diploid
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Having two homologous sets of chromosomes.
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Haploid
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Having a single set of chromosomes.
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Gametes
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Egg or sperm sex cell that contains a single set of chromosomes one from each homologous pair.
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Fertilization
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The fusion of the nuclei and cytoplasm of a haploid sperm cell and a haploid egg cell, forming a diploid zygote.
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Zygote
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Diploid cell formed when the nucleus of a haploid sperm cell fuses with the nucleus of a haploid egg cell.
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Tetrads
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Group of four chromatids formed during prophase 1 of meiosis by the two sister chromatids in each of the two homologous chromosomes.
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Genetic Recombination
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New combination of genetic information in a gamete as a result of crossing over during prophase 1 of meiosis.
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Crossing Over
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Exchange of genetic material between homologous chromosomes during prophase 1 of meiosis.
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