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97 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Guanine and cytpsine have a __________bond
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triple
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4 phases of mitosis are?
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prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase
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adenine bonds with _______ in DNA
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thymine
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In cell-cycle arrest, the cell cycle stops completely until...
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the problem is fixed
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What does a plant cell need to form during telophase?
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a cell plate/ cell wall
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The fragments on the lagging strand are called?
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Okazaki fragments
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Chromosomes move to opposite ends (poles) of the cell during this phase
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anaphase
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The pinching of an animal cell
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cytokinesis
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In 1944, who seperated the 2 major portions of the cell?
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Oswald Avery
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If something wrond is found while tthe cell goes through the checkpoint, it is put into...
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cell cycle arrest
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what adds nucleotides to an existing DNA strand?
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DNA polymerase
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Who used rats in a lab experiment with pneumonia?
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Frederick Griffith
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Both Collins and Ventor work on what?
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the mapping of the Human Genome Project
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During this phase, more organelles are produced, the cell increases in size, and so does the cytoplasm and the cell membrane
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G2
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What moves down the center of DNA?(like a zipper)
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helicase
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What bonds Okazaki fragments together?
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ligase
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What has these 3 parts: phosphate, sugar, base
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nucleotide
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What 2 pathways are blocked in cancer?
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proto-oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes
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The purines are...?
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adenine and guanine
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Adenine bonds with what in DNA?
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thymine
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Nuclear membrane reforms during this phase
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telophasee
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This is the phase where the cell prepares for division
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G2
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What does a tumor suppressor do?
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it stops cell division
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In animal cells, the membrane pinches together for cytokinesis during what phase
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telophase
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In mitosis, the nuclear membrane breaks apart while ________ start to form
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spindle fibers
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What unwinds the DNA?
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DNA polymerase
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A mutated proto-oncogene is called what?
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oncogene
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Chromosomes line up in the middle of the cell during what phase?
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metaphase
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What splits the bonds between bases?
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helicase
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Spindle fibers form during what phase?
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prophase
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Who made a 3D DNA model by using Rosalind Franklin's work?
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Watson and Crick
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A proto-oncogene...
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starts cell division
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The purpose of the S phase is to
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create enough DNA so that when the cell divides each cell will have the full set of chromosomes
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Nuclear membrane breaks down during what phase?
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prophase
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Who's lab did Rosalind Franklin work in?
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Maurice Wilkins
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How does cancer kill people?
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tumors get into the blood stream and travel to major organs which makes them not work anymore which ultimately leads to death
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How many replication origins does a prokaryote have?
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1
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Chromosomes replicate during which phase?
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S phase
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Why is DNA so important?
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It is the basis for everything in our body (instrutcion maneul)
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Which phase is the cell in when it is not preparing for division or replication?
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G0
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What does metastasis mean?
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the cancer that spreads to other parts of the body
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G0 G1 S and G2 make up what?
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Interphase
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The cell functions normally iin what phase
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G0
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What color did teh DNA glow in Hershey and Chase's experiment
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red
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How is cancer treated
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-surgery
-radiation -chemotherapy -gene therapy |
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What enzyme joins the Okazaki fragments together?
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ligase
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Who took the x-ray images to find out the shape of DNA
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Rosalind Franklin
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One chromatid is held to the other half by a ?
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centromere
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The sugar found in DNA is called
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deoxyribose
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What does carcinogen mean?
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related to cancer
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In plant cells, a cell wall begins to form in the middle of the cell during what phase?
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telophase
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What pulls chromosomes apart?
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spindle fibers
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Spindle fibers begin to attach at the centromeres during which phase?
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prophase
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The pyrimidines are called what?
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thymine and cytosine
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What flattens the DNA strand?
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helicase
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In this phase the chromosomes replicate to prepare for mitosis
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S phase
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True or False
A prokaryote replicates to reproduce |
TRUE
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What color did protein glow in Hershey and Chase's experiment?
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green
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One half of a replicated chromosome is called a
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chromatid
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Bacteria dont have wat?
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a nucleus
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The shape of DNA is
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double helix
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the phase that the cell prepares for Sythesis is
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G1
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Spindle fibers attach to the chromosomes during what phase
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metaphase
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Oswald Avery found that what was the transforming principle?
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DNA
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A eukaryote has ____ replication origins. It replicates to _________----
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many, to replace dying cells
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Adenine and thymine have a _____ bond
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double
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Who added radioactive phosphorous and sulfur to viruses?
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Hershey and Chase
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What is the lond name for DNA?
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deoxyribonucleic acid
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What adds nucleotides to the DNA strands?
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DNA polymerase
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What is a cancerous cell like?
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keeps replicating when they touch each other
grow unevenly, lift off surface more rounded clumped(tumor) |
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Guanine bonds with?
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cytosine
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What is teh side called that will get the nucleotides added unevenly
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lagging strand
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In what phase do spindle fibers pull chromosomes apart?
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anaphase
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Who were the 2 people racing to map the human genome?
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Craig Ventort and Francis Collins
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The cell has to go through many...
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checkpoints
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When a cell makes a copy of itself, it is known as?
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DNA replication
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Chromosomes are pulled apart by spindle fibers during what phase?
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anaphase
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Who established some base pair rulings?
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Erwin Chargoff
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What breaks the bonds between the bases?
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Helicase
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What is cancer?
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uncontrolled multiplaction of cells
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In which phase do chromosomes lin up at the center?
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metaphase
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What are the 3 parts of a nucleotide?
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phosphate
base sugar |
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In this phase, there are 46 chromosomes on each side of teh dividing cell
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anaphase
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Each what is made of nucleotides?
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DNA strand
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What is a normal cell like?
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grows on a flat surface
quits replicating when it touches each other flat smooth |
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What proofreads the DNA to repari errors before cell division
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DNA polymerase
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What is the 3' end?
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sugar
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Chromosomes become visible and take form during this phase
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prophase
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What does malignant mean?
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tumors grow qquickly
invasive and spread life-threatening |
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Avery's experiment determined that it was _______ not ___________ that caused the Griffith's rats to die
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DNA, protein
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Which side of the DNA strand will get nucleotides added smoothly
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leading strand
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Cytokinesis happens in what stage of mitosis
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telophase
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The radioactive material made it obvious to see that...
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DNA from teh virus was being passsed onto the cell and was taking over
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What does benign mean?
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not life threatening
cancer can get corrected |
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Rosalind Franklin was responsible for the ________- that would eventually lead to teh discovery of the shape of DNA
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x-ray of DNA
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What is the 5' end?
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phosphate
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Why doesnt a plant cell indent during the final phase of mitosis?
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the plant cell builds a cell wall across the middle of the cell spliting it into 2
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