Biology Chapter 7 Vocab

Front 1

Cell

Back 1

is the base structural and functional unit of all cells

Front 2

Cell Theory 1.

Back 2

All living organisms are composed of one or more cells

Front 3

Cell Theory 2.

Back 3

Cells are the basic unit of structure and organization of all living organisms

Front 4

Cell Theory 3.

Back 4

Cells arise only from previously existing cells; with cells passing copies of their genetic material on to their daughter cells

Front 5

Cell Theory

Back 5

is one of the fundamental ideas of modern biology

Front 6

Plasma Membrane

Back 6

is a special boundary that helps control what enters and leaves the cell

Front 7

Organelles

Back 7

specialized structures that carry out specific cell functions

Front 8

Eukaryotic Cells

Back 8

contain a nucleus and other organelles that are bound by membranes

Front 9

Nucleus

Back 9

is a distinct central organelle that contains the cell's genetic material in the form of DNA

Front 10

Prokaryotic Cells

Back 10

do not have a nucleus and other membrane bound organelles

Front 11

Selective Permeability

Back 11

a membrane in which allows some substances to pass through while keeping others out

Front 12

Phospholipid Bilayer

Back 12

two layers of phospholipids are arranged tail to tail

Front 13

Transport Proteins

Back 13

move needed substances or waster materials through the plasma membrane and therefore contribute to the selective permeability of the plasma membrane

Front 14

Fluid Mosaic Model

Back 14

a plasma membrane with components constantly in motion

Hint 14

silding past one another within the lipid bilayer

Front 15

Cytoplasm

Back 15

inside the plasma membrane is a semifluid material

Front 16

Cytoskeleton

Back 16

is a supporting network of long; thin protein fibers that form a framework for the cell and provide an anchor for the organelles inside the cells

Front 17

Ribosomes

Back 17

help manufacture proteins

Front 18

Nucleolus

Back 18

within the nucleus is the site of the ribosome production

Front 19

Endoplasmic Reticulum

Back 19

that serves as the site for protein and lipids synthesis

Front 20

Golgi Apparatus sorts

Back 20

and packages proteins

Front 21

Vacuole

Back 21

used to store enzymes food and other materials needed by the cell

Front 22

Lysosomes

Back 22

used to digest excess or worn out organelles and food particles

Front 23

Centrioles

Back 23

made of microtubules that function during cell division

Front 24

Mitochondria

Back 24

energy generators

Front 25

Chloroplasts

Back 25

capture light energy and convert it to chemical energy; through a process called photosynthesis

Front 26

Cell Wall

Back 26

thick rigid mesh of fibers outside the plasma membrane

Front 27

Cilia

Back 27

short numerous projections that look like mini hairs

Front 28

Flagella

Back 28

are longer and less numerous than the cilia

Front 29

Diffusion

Back 29

net movement or particles from an where there are many particles of a substance to an area where there are fewer particles

Front 30

Dynamic Equilibrium

Back 30

continuous movement but no overall change

Front 31

Facilitated Diffusion

Back 31

uses transport proteins to move other ions and small molecules across the plasma membrane

Hint 31

but most other substances cannot

Front 32

Osmosis

Back 32

diffusion of water across a selectively permeable membrane

Front 33

Isotonic Solution

Back 33

a solution with the same concentration of water and solutes as inside a cell

Front 34

Hypotonic Solution

Back 34

a solution that has a lower concentration of solute outside than inside the cell

Front 35

Hypertonic Solution

Back 35

a solution that has a higher concentration of solute outside then inside a cell

Front 36

Active Transport

Back 36

energy requiring process by which substances move across the plasma membrane against a concentration gradient

Front 37

Endocytosis

Back 37

energy requiring process by which latge substances from the outside environment can enter a cell

Front 38

Exocytosis

Back 38

energy requiring process by which a cell expels wastes and secretes substances at the plasma membrane