Biology Chapter 7

Front 1

Genetics

Back 1

the science that studies heredity

Front 2

Gregor Mendel

Back 2

- mid 1800s
- Austrian monk
- Great interest in science and math
- Did years of experiments using pea plants
- Self- Pollination- when a flower fertilizes itself
- Cross Pollination- moving pollen from flower of 1 plant to the flower of a different plant

Front 3

Mendel’s experimental design

Back 3

1. Self pollinated plants for several generations to get pure traits this is called the pure generation
1. All white flower est.
2. P generation- Pure generation
2. he cross- pollinated 2 from the P generation they had different traits
1. the new plants + called- the F generation or the first Filial Generation
3. Allowed the F1 generation to self pollinate and called them the F2 generation

Front 4

Self- Pollination

Back 4

when a flower fertilizes itself

Front 5

Cross Pollination

Back 5

- moving pollen from flower of 1 plant to the flower of a different plant

Front 6

true breeding

Back 6

all offsping display only one form of a particular trait

Front 7

P generation

Back 7

Pure generation

Front 8

F1 Generation

Back 8

result when he cross pollinated 2 various forms of the P generation that exhibited contrasting traits

Front 9

F2 Generation

Back 9

result when he allowed F1 generation to self polinate

Front 10

Dominant Traits

Back 10

- they are expressed or shown
- they are stronger traits

Front 11

Recessive Traits

Back 11

- are not shown or expressed when in the presents of a dominant trait
- they are weaker traits

Front 12

Homozygous individual

Back 12

happens when the 2 factors they get from the 2 parents are the same trait

Front 13

Heterozygous individual

Back 13

when the 2 factors you get from the 2 parents are different

Front 14

Allele

Back 14

copy of that factor or gene that you get

Front 15

Phenotype

Back 15

the actual physical appearance that an animal or person shows

Front 16

Genotype

Back 16

the genetic traits that a person or animal or creature posses- shown or not shown

Front 17

Law of Segregation

Back 17

members of each pairs of alleles separate when sex cells or gametes are formed

Front 18

Law of Independent Assortment

Back 18

pairs of alleles separate independently of one another during gamete formation

Front 19

Probability

Back 19

the likely hood that a specific event will occur

Front 20

Monohybrid cross

Back 20

a cross that provides data about one pair of contrasting traits

Front 21

Punnett Square

Back 21

a diagram or tool scientists use to help them predict the out come of a cross

Front 22

Dihybrid Cross

Back 22

- a cross comparing 2 pairs of contrasting traits
- Some concept as but more complicated

Front 23

Incomplete Dominance

Back 23

- A trait that lies between 2 parents
- Whit Flow/ Red flow- Pink flower

Front 24

Co dominance

Back 24

2 dominant alleles expressed at the same time

Front 25

Multi alleles

Back 25

- some genes have trait with more then 2 alleles/
- Blood types

Front 26

Continual Variation

Back 26

- when equal genes affect a trait/
- allow many variations of a trait/
- Height, weight

Front 27

Environmental effects

Back 27

- can cause physical changes
-white winter coat

Front 28

Genetic disorder

Back 28

when mutated genes cause harmful effects

Front 29

Siccle cell anemia

Back 29

- blood defect
- mutated hormones that cause red blood cells to form a siccle shape
- Can’t carry …. Well
- causes blood clots
- almost always in black race

Front 30

Hemophilia

Back 30

- recessive disorder
- Blood can’t clot during injuries

Front 31

sex- linked trait

Back 31

a trait that is determined by a gene found only on the X chromosome

Front 32

Pedigree

Back 32

- Studying a family history

Front 33

Phenylketonuria

Back 33

- Genetic disorder
- Lack an enzyme which converts one amino acid into another
- PKU
- Causes severe mental retardation
- Early treatment can control the problem