Biology Chapter 6

Front 1

Autotrophs

Back 1

makes own food by photosynthesis (plants, photosythetic bacteria/cyanio bacteria

Front 2

Heterotsophs

Back 2

produce energy through cellular respiration

Front 3

biofuels

Back 3

extraction of energy trapped in chemical bonds by the process of photosyntesis

Front 4

Properties of Light

Back 4

Visual light and light energy

Front 5

visible light

Back 5

represents a part of the electomagnetic spectrum one property of radiant energy is that it travels through wavelengths

Front 6

Wavelengths

Back 6

refers to the distance between crests of these waves they are not absorbed they are reflected

Front 7

Light energy

Back 7

packaged as photons which vary in energy as a function of wavelength

Front 8

Pigments molecules

Back 8

organic compounds that selectively absorbs light.

Front 9

Chlorophyll a

Back 9

the main photosynthetic pigment in plants, algae, and cyanobacteria. Absorbs violet light and red light so it reflects green

Front 10

Accessory pigment

Back 10

extend the range of wavelengths usable for photosynthesis
Act as antioxidants
in fall see bright colors of yellow, orange, and red because do not break down fast as chlorophhyll

Front 11

Light-trapping part of all pigments

Back 11

consist of an array of atoms where single bonds alternate with double bonds

Front 12

Photon energy

Back 12

excites the electrons of these atoms increasing their energy level Their energy level is released or transferred returning these atoms to a lower energy state

Front 13

Photosynthesis occurs most efficiently

Back 13

within limited wavelengths

Front 14

Chloroplasts

Back 14

organelles of photosyntesis

Front 15

Chloroplasts have 3 membranes

Back 15

Two membranes enclose a semifluid matrix called the stroma

Front 16

Stroma

Back 16

semifluid matrix where sugars are built

Front 17

thylakoid membrane

Back 17

third membrane of chloroplasts folded up into flattened disks inside the stoma

Front 18

eqation for photosynthesis

Back 18

6H2O + 6CO2 yeilds 6O2 + C6H12O6

Front 19

2 stages of reactions

Back 19

Light-dependent and light-independent

Front 20

Light-dependent reaction

Back 20

convert light energy to chemical bond energy of ATP + NADPH
Water is split to release oxygen
Location - thylakoid (chlorophyll)

Front 21

Stroma

Back 21

semifluid matrix where sugars are built

Front 22

thylakoid membrane

Back 22

third membrane of chloroplasts folded up into flattened disks inside the stoma

Front 23

eqation for photosynthesis

Back 23

6H2O + 6CO2 yeilds 6O2 + C6H12O6

Front 24

2 stages of reactions

Back 24

Light-dependent and light-independent

Front 25

Light-dependent reaction

Back 25

convert light energy to chemical bond energy of ATP + NADPH
Water is split to release oxygen
Location - thylakoid (chlorophyll)

Front 26

2 sets of light dependent reactons

Back 26

Photosystem II
Photosystem I

Front 27

Photosystem II

Back 27

an electon pair is excited by light energy and ejected
H2O comes in converted to O2; ATP formed (chemical energy)

Front 28

Photosystem I

Back 28

re-excites the electrons
NADPH formed (chemical energy)

Front 29

Photolysis

Back 29

process that pulls replacement electrons from water molecules. The water molecules then desassociate into hydrogen ions and oxygen
Oxygen is diffused out of the cell

Front 30

Electron transfer

Back 30

Electrons lost from photosynthesis immediately enter an electron transfer

Front 31

Electron transfer chains

Back 31

organized arrays of enzymes, coenzymes, and other proteins that accept and donate electrons in turn

Front 32

first step in the light dependent reactions

Back 32

entry of the electron into the electron transfer chain light energy is converted into energy

Front 33

cyclic Pathway

Back 33

NADPH is not being used it backs up and stall the noncyclical pathway
electrons lost from photosystem I get cycled back to it
ATP forms NaDPH does not

Front 34

Cyclic Pathway evolved

Back 34

first in anaerobic organisims
simpler
operates in nearly all photoautotrophs
No NADPH forms oxygen is not released

Front 35

Noncyclic Pathway evolved

Back 35

first in anaerobic organisms
sequence of reactons powerful enough to strip electrons from water
yeilds oxygen and H+ ions
both pathways energy associated with electrons ATP forms

Front 36

Calvin benson cycle

Back 36

Producing glucose
roles are: ATP NADPH Atmospheric air which provides the carbon and oxygen from Carbon Dioxide
location Stroma of chloroplasts and are not dependent on sunlight

Front 37

Carbon dioxide diffuses into a

Back 37

leaf

Front 38

Stomata

Back 38

CO2 comes in O leaving plant cell got to gaurd cells typically open at night and closed during the day