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32 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Matter |
Anything that takes up space and has mass; a solid, liquid, or gas |
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Element |
Substance that cannot be broken down into another substance by ordinary chemical means |
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Atoms |
Tiny particles |
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Atomic Symbol |
Name of elements and its atoms represented by one or two letters |
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Neutrons |
Subatomic particles with no electrical charge |
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Protons |
Subatomic particles which have a positive charge |
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Electrons |
Subatomic particles which have a negative charge |
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Nucleus |
Center of an atom |
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Mass Number |
Just about equal to the sum of its protons and neutrons |
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Atomic Number |
All atoms of an element have the same number of protons |
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Atomic Mass |
Average of the mass numbers |
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Isotopes |
Atoms of the same element that differ in the number of neutrons |
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Octet Rule |
If an atomic has two or more shells, the outer shell is most stable when it has eight electrons |
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Valence Shell |
An atom's outer shell |
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Molecule |
A group of atoms bonded together |
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Compound Molecule |
A molecule that contains atoms of more than one element |
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Ionic Bond |
Two atoms are held together by the attraction between opposite charges |
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Ions |
Charged atoms |
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Salts |
Solid substances that usually separate and exist as individual ions in water |
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Covalent Bond |
Two atoms share electrons in order to have a completed outer shell |
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Reactants |
Molecules that participate in the reaction |
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Products |
Molecules formed by the reaction |
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Electronegativity |
An atom's affinity for electrons in a covalent bond |
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Polar |
Atoms on both sides of the bond are partially charged |
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Hydrogen Bond |
Positive hydrogen atoms in one molecule are attracted to the negative oxygen atoms in other water molecules |
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Hydrophilic |
Molecules that are attracted to water |
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Hydrophobic |
Molecules that are not attracted to water |
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Acids |
Substances that dissociate in water, releasing hydrogen ions |
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Bases |
Substances that either take up hydrogen ions or release hydroxide ions |
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pH |
Indicating the number of hydrogen ions in a solution |
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pH Scale |
Used to indicate the acidity or basic it of a solution |
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Buffer |
A chemical or combination of chemicals that keep pH within normal limits |
