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13 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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gene
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a segment of DNA that is located in a chromosome and that codes for a specific hereditary trait
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DNA
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deoxyribonucleic acid, the material that contains the information that determines inherited characteristics
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nucleotide
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in the nucleic acid chain, a subunit that consists of a sugar, a phosphate, and a nitrogenous base
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purine
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a nitrogenous base that has a double-ring structure; adenine or guanine
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pyrimidine
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a nitrogenous base that has a single-ring structure, in DNA, either thymine or cytosine
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DNA replication
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the process of making a copy of DNA
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DNA helicase
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an enzyme that unwinds the DNA double helix during DNA replication
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DNA polymerase
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an enzyme that catalyzes the formation of the DNA molecule
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RNA
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ribonucleic acid, a natural polymer that is present in all living cells and that plays a role in protein synthesis
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gene expression
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the manifestation of the genetic material of an organism in the form of specific traits
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transcription
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the process of forming a nucleic acid by using another molecule as a template
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translation
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the portion of protein synthesis that takes place at ribosomes and that uses the codons in mRNA molecules to specify the sequence of amino acids in polypeptide chains
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codon
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in DNA and mRNA, a three-nucleotide sequence that encodes an amino acid or signifies a start signal or a stop signal
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