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22 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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an example of biotechniques
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cloning
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Biotechnology
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the use of living organisms to make products, such as medicines and improved drops, to benefit humans
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Selective Breeding
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the breeding of organisms to produce certain desired traits in their offspring
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examples of selective breeding
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corn, potatoes, etc.
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in order to establish a trait...
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only the offspring that inherit the desired trait are selected to reproduce
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how long does selective breeding take?
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this process is repeated for subsequent generations until the trait is established
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inbreeding
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the crossing of organisms that have similar genotype (in order to produce homozygous genotypes of desired traits)
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Downfalls
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inbreeding can often bring our harmful traits, that are usually masked by a dominant allele
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outbreeding (or hybridization)
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the crossing of distantly related organisms
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what do animal and plant breeders often use outbreeding for?
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to combine the desirable qualities from two different parents
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outbreeding may also involve....
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two different species
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why is outbreeding important
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to conserve endangered species
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hybrid vigor
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when outbreeding produces larger healthier offspring
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examples of hybrid vigor
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mule, liger, zebroid
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hybrids that have parents from different species are usually...
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sterile
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chromosomes of parents from different species do not usually match up in....
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homologous pairs
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due to the lack of homologous pairing, hybrid offspring chromosomes can not undergo...
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meiosis and produce normal gametes
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Stores hundreds of thousands of seed
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The National Seed Storage Laboratory (NSSL)
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genetic engineering
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technique used to identify or change genes at the molecular level
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what does genetic engineering cause in organisms?
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their characteristics change
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Other uses for genetic engineering...
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-identification of an individual
-screening for a disorder -determining a DNA sequence |
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gel electrophoresis
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used to sort molecules (DNA, RNA, or protein) according to size
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