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39 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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T or F Cells grow indefinitely.
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false
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If true, then how do they accomplish this? If false, then what do they do?
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divide
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Identify 3 reasons why the above occurs.
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DNA overload…slow diffusion…volume vs. surface area
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What is the product of cell division?
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2 new daughter cells
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What must copy itself before dividing?
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DNA
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This process is called _____________________.
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replication
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Compare and contrast mitosis with cytokinesis.
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both involve a division of cell parts…mitosis is nuclear division and cytokinesis is cytoplasm division
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Spaghetti is to pasta as __________ is to DNA.
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chromatin
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“X-shaped” DNA in dividing cells are __________________.
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chromosome
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T or F More complex organisms have more chromosomes.
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false
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Identical strands of DNA attached after duplication are called ______________________.
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sister chromatids
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Identify the attachment point of these replicated chromosomes.
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centromere
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How many distinct phases make up the cell cycle?
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4
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Place the phases in order of their occurrence.
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G1, S, G2, M
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The end of one cell division to the beginning of the next is called _______________________.
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interphase
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How many of the distinct phases make-up this overall cell event?
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3
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Identify the main thing that occurs during each of the events above.
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G1 = cell growth…S = DNA replication…G2 = organelles for mitosis made
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The dividing nucleus is called __________________.
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mitosis
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How many distinct phases make up this major part of the cell cycle?
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4
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Identify and order these phases.
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prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase
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What main thing happens during each phase?
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prophase = centrioles move to poles and attach spindles, metaphase = sister chromatids align in middle of cell, anaphase = separation of sister chromatids, telophase = chromosomes uncoil into chromatin as nuclear envelopes develop and cytokinesis begins
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What happens during cytokinesis?
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cell membrane pinches inward dividing cytoplasm
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Contrast animal and plant cells regarding cytokinesis.
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animals = membrane pinches inward…plant = cell plate forms from which wall and membrane come
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T or F Cell cycle rates are different for different cell types.
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true
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Identify 2 cell types that don’t divide.
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muscle, nerve, red blood cells once made don’t divide
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What inhibits cell growth when a petri dish is used?
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contact with wall of dish or each other
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Identify the first protein discovered that regulated the cell cycle.
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cyclins
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Compare and contrast regular cells with cancer cells.
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both are dividing cells…regular cells have interphase while cancer cells continually divide
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A cell mass that damages surrounding tissues is called a ___________________
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tumor
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Compare and contrast benign and malignant cancer cells.
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both are cancer cell types…malignant cells break free and spread cancer to other body areas
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What gene is damaged or defective that is often the cause of cells not responding to normal control signals?
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p53
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All different cell types of any organism comes from how many cells?
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one
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What does it mean when a cell “differentiates”?
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specializes to perform a specific function
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What type of cells can develop into most any body type of cell?
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stem cells
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Which has greater differentiation capabilities…embryonic or adult cells?
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embryonic stem cells
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What is the advantage of the type of cells mentioned above?
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potential re-growth or repair of damaged organ tissues
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