Biology Chapter 10 Part 3

Front 1

What is spearman's rank correlation coefficient used for?

Back 1

To consider the relationship between two sets of data

Front 2

What is positive correlation?

Back 2

As one set of data increases in value the other set also increases

Front 3

How do you perform spearman's rank?

Back 3

1. Rank the values from lowest (1) to highest (10) for each category if the values of the same taking average rank (5 would be 5.5)

2. Calculate the rank difference

3. Calculate the rank

4. Interpret the rank

Front 4

What are the spearman's rank values?

Back 4

+1 shows perfect positive correlation -1 shows perfect negative correlation 0 shows no correlation

Front 5

What are adaptations?

Back 5

Characteristics that increase in organisms chance of survival or reproduction in its env

Front 6

What are the 3 types of adaptations?

Back 6

Anatomical, behavioral and physiological

Front 7

Anatomical adaptations and what are 4 main adaptations?

Back 7

Physical features such as:

Body covering e.g. hair, shells or feathers

Camouflage helps animals blend into its environment to make them harder to spot

Teeth e.g. castle have molars for chewing grass

Mimicry, copying and other animals appearance allows organisms to fool predators

Front 8

What are behaviour adaptations and what are the 3 behaviours?

Back 8

Where is an organism acts such as:

Survival behaviours like opossums playing dead

Courtship (how they attract mates)

Seasonal behaviours that allow organisms to cope with changes in the env.

Front 9

What are the 2 seasonal behaviours?

Back 9

Migration, when animals move to one region to another and back again when conditions are favourable

Hibernation is a period of inactivity in which animal's body temp, breathing and heart rate slows down to conserve energy

Front 10

How are behavioral adaptations acquired?

Back 10

They are innate, through genes

Or they are learned through experience or observations

Front 11

What are physiological adaptations and the what are the 3 main ones?

Back 11

Processes that a place inside an organism such as:

Poison production which produces venom or poisons to deter predators

Antibiotic production

Water holding for desert organisms

Front 12

What are analogous structures?

Back 12

Structures that have adapted to perform the same function that have a different origin e.g. fins on whales and fish

Front 13

What is convergent evolution?

Back 13

When unrelated species begin to share similar traits due to them adapting to similar environments

Front 14

How are marsupial and placental moles examples of convergent evolution?

Back 14

They both have similar climates and burrow to find the same food supply and they have streamline body shape and soft fur so they can easily move through soil

Front 15

What are selection pressures?

Back 15

Factors that affect the organisms chance of survival or reproductive success

Front 16

What is natural selection?

Back 16

Organisms with gens that makes and better adapted to their env. make them more likely to survive and reproduce so these adaptations will become more common in the population

Front 17

How does natural selection occur?

Back 17

1. Organisms within a species show variation in characteristics caused by alleles

2. Organisms whose characteristics are best adapted to a selection pressure have increased chance in surviving and reproducing

3. Successful organisms pass on advantageous alleles to offspring

4. Over several generations the frequency of the allele increases in the populations gene pool

5. Over a long period of time this process can lead to the evolution of a new species

Front 18

How have peppered moths been involved in evolution?

Back 18

Pale moths were better adapted to their env. until the industrial revolution so trees became darker and darker moths survived by camouflage

Front 19

How have sheep blowflies been involved in evolution?

Back 19

They lay eggs around faecal matter around sheep's tails and diazinon was used as an insecticide but the flies became resistant due to pre-existing resistance to insecticides in their genes

Front 20

How have Flavobacterium been involved in evolution?

Back 20

They evolved through an opportunity that had arisen where they live waste water from factories and feed on nylon (beneficial to humans)

Front 21

How do you plot standard deviation bars on a bar graph?

Back 21

It is an H (sideways) shape and you plot however many standard deviations above and below the top of the bar

Front 22

What does it mean if there is a significant difference in standard deviation?

Back 22

The standard deviation bars do not overlap with each other on the pair of bars on the bar graph

Front 23

What is speciation?

Back 23

The development of a new species from an ancestral organism where individuals can no longer breed with the original population to produce fertile offspring