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28 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Photosynthesis |
Process that converts solar energy into chemical energy |
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Autotrophs |
Sustain themselves without eating anything derived from other organisms The producer of the biosphere |
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Photoautotrophs |
Almost all plants, use the energy of sunlight to make organic molecules |
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Heterotrophs |
Obtain their organic material from other organisms The consumer of the biosphere |
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Stomata |
pores in the leaves that CO2 enters and O2 exits |
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Thylakoid |
Connected sacs in the chloroplasts which compose a third membrane system |
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Chlorophyll |
Pigment which gives leaves their green color, resides in the thylakoid memrbanes |
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Stroma |
Chloroplasts has an envelope of two membranes surrounding a dense fluid called the stroma |
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Stages of Photosynthesis |
Light reaction - photo part Calvin cycle - synthesis part (anabolic) Reduce the electron acceptor NADP to NADPH Generate ATP from ADP by photophosphoyrlation |
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Carbon fixation |
Begins Calvin cycle incorporating CO2 into organic molecules |
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Wavelength |
Distance between crests of waves |
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Electromagnetic Spectrum |
Entire range of electromagnetic energy, or radiaton |
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Visible light |
Consists of wavelengths that produce color we can see |
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Photons |
Light behaves as though it consists of discrete particles, called photons |
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Chlorophyll a |
Main photosynthetic pigment |
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Chlorophyll b |
Accessory pigment, braodens the spectrum used for photosynthesis |
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Carotenoid |
Absorbs excessive light that would damage chlorophyll |
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Photosystem |
Consists of a reaction-center complex surrounded by light-harvesting complexes |
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Reaction-center complex |
Type of protein complex |
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Light Harvesting complex |
Transfer the energy of photons to the reaction center
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Photosystem 2 |
Functions first and is best at absorbing a wavelength of 680nm |
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Photosystem 1 |
Best at absorbibg wavelength of 700nm |
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Linear electron flow |
Primary pathway, involves both photosystems and produces ATP and NADPH using light energy |
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Glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate (G3P) |
Carbon enters the Calvin cycle as CO2 and leaves as this sugar |
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Phases of Calvin Cycle |
Carbon fixation (catalyzed by rubisco) Reduction Regeneration of the CO2 acceptor (RuBP) |
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C3 Plants |
First stable product of CO2 fixation is a three carbon (C3) molecule, PGA |
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Photorespiration |
Series of chemical reactions that begin with rubisco adding oygen to RuBP and ends in the release of carbon dioxide |
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CAM plants |
Open their stomata only at night when the temperature is lower and the air is not as dry |
