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22 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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autotroph
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organisms that make their own food
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hetertroph
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orgamisma that obtain energy from the foods they consume
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adenosine triphosphate (ATP)
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one of the principal chemical compunds that cells use to store and release energy
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photosynthesis
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the process where plants use the energy of sunlight to convert water and carbon dioxide into high-energy carbohydrates(sugars and starches) and oxygen, a waste product
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pigment
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lightabsorbing molecules used by plants to gather the sun's energy
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chlorophyll
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a plant's principal pigment
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thylakoid
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saclike photosynthetic membranes in chloroplasts
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photosystem
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clusters made by proteins in the thylakoid membrane that organize chlorophyll and other pigments
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stroma
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the region outside the thylakoid membranes where the calvin cycle takes place
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NADP+
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one of the compound carrier molecules
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light-dependent reactions
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they produce oxygen gas and convert ADP and NADP+ into the energy carries ATP and NADPH
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ATP synthase
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a protein in H+ ion membranes than spans the membrane and allows H+ ions to pass through
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Calvin cycle
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plants use energy that ATP and NADPH contain to build high-energy compounds that can be stored for a long(produces high-energy sugars)
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calorie
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the amount of energy needed to raise the tempature of 1 gram of water 1 degree celsius
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glycolysis
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releases only small amounts of energy
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cellular respiration
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the process that releases energy by breaking down glucose and other food molecules in the presence of oxygen
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NAD+
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one of the reactions of glycolysis that removes 4 high-energy electrons and passes them to an electron carrier
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fermentation
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releases energy from food molecules by producing ATP in the absence of oxygen
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anaerobic
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fermentation if said to be anaerobic which means "not in air"
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aerobic
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the process that requires oxygen
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Kreb's cycle
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pyruvic acid is broken down into carbon dioxide in a series of energy-extracting reactions
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electron transport chain
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uses high-energy electrons from the Kreb's cycle to convert ADP into ATP
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