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22 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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How does energy flow?
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Through living systems
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What is the definition of energy?
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The capacity to do work
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What are the two states of energy?
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Kinetic energy and potential energy
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What is kinetic energy?
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The energy of motion
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What is potential energy?
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Stored energy
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Name at least four forms of energy.
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Mechanical energy
heat sound electric current light radioactivity |
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What does thermodynamics mean?
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Heat changes
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What is the most common unit of heat employed in biology?
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The kilocalorie or kcal
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How many calories equal 1 kilocalorie?
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1000
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What is the energy unit often used in physics?
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Joule
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How does energy flow into the biological world?
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From the Sun
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In photosynthesis, energy absorbed from sunlight is used to combine small molecules into more complex ones. What are the small molecules in the complex molecules?
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The small molecules are water and carbon dioxide. The complex molecules are sugars.
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Photosynthesis converts what to what?
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and inorganic to an organic form
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In photosynthesis, energy from sunlight is stored as potential energy in which bonds?
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The covalent bonds between atoms in the sugar molecules
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What can break the bonds between atoms?
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Energy
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How is the strength of a covalent bond measured?
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By the amount of energy required to break it
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What do oxidation-reduction reduction reactions do?
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Transfer energy
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What is oxidation?
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When an atom or molecule loses an electron
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What is reduction?
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When an atom or molecule gains an electron
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Oxidation and reduction reactions always take place together. What is this reaction called?
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Redox reactions
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In a redox reaction, which form of molecule has a higher level of energy?
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The reduced form of molecule
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Which laws govern all energy changes?
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The laws of thermodynamics?
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