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49 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is blood?
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A connective tissue whose cells are suspended in plasma; it transports substances and helps maintain homeostasis
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What are the three main components of blood?
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RBC, WBC, and Platelets
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What factors affect blood volume? How much does the average adult have?
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Body size, fluid/electrolyte balance, and adipose tissue content; 5 liters
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What two substances make up blood? What percent is each substance?
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Hematocrit - Formed elements - mostly RBC
Plasma - Clear, straw colored liquid - H2O, nutrients, electrolytes, etc |
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Give the scientific name of RBC and describe their shape
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Erythrocyte - biconcave disks with shapes that increase surface area - they do not have nuclei
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What is hemoglobin
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A protein found in RBC that help carry O2 and gives blood its red color
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What is an average RBCC?
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4-6 million / ml
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What happens to RBC as we age
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They become fragile and break more easily
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How are RBC destroyed?
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They are phagocytized by macrophages in the liver and spleen
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Where do we obtain our iron?
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Mostly from recycled hemoglobin - but we absorb small amounts from food
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What two pigments are released by hemoglobin? What colors are they?
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Biliberdin - green bile and Bilirubin - orange bile
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Describe the life cycle of a RBC
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BB-->created Y.S., spleen, and liver
-->live ~ 120 days--> PB-->created in red bone marrow -->phagocytized by macrophages in the spleen and liver |
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Describe the hormone that is vital to the production of RBC
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Erythropoietin is released by the kidneys in response to low levels of O2
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What two vitamins are vital to the production of RBC
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Vitamin B12 and Folic Acid
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What material is required for RBC synthesis?
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Iron
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What is the scientific name for WBC and what is their function
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Leukocytes, to control infection and protect against disease
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What is the difference between a granulocyte and an agranulocyte?
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Granulocytes have granular cytoplasm and develop in red bone marrow
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Name the three types of granulocyte
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Neutrophils, Eosinophils, and Basophils
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Name the two types of agranulocytes
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Monocytes and Lymphocytes
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What is a normal WBC count and what diseases are caused by having to great or little a WBC.
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5,000-10,000 ; Leukocytosis (>10,000 - infection) and
Leukopenia (<5,000 - viral) |
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What are blood platelets? What is the average count? What is their function?
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fragments of giant cells; 130,000-360,000; close breaks in blood vessels
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What is Plasma? What is its function? What percent is water?
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Straw colored liquid of blood; Transports nutrients, regulates fluid/electrolyte balance, maintains pH; 92%
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List the three plasma proteins
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Albumins, Globulins, and Fibrogen
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Albumins
Percent of proteins Size Function Made |
60%, smallest, Regulates osmonic pressure (water movement to and from tissue), Liver
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Globulins
Percent of proteins Size Function Made |
36%, medium, Alpha-Beta(transport lipids and lipid soluble vitamins) Gamma(function as an antibody), A/B(Liver) G(lymphatic tissues)
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Fibrogen
Percent of proteins Size Function Made |
4%, largest, helps coagulation, liver
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What are the two most important gasses
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O2 and CO2
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Name four plasma electrolytes
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Sodium, Chlorine, Bicarbonate, Potassium
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What is Hemostasis?
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The stoppage of bleeding
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What is a vasospasm
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The closure of a blood vessel due to bleeding
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What hormone causes vessel walls to contract?
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Seratonin
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List the steps in Platelet Plug formation
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1.Vessel breaks
2.Blood escapes 3.Platelets adhere to wall and form plug 4.Plug controls blood loss |
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What process is coagulation dependent on? What biochemicals help this reaction?
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Fibrinogen --> Fibrin - fibrin forms "thread" that acts like a band-aid to seal wounds; prothrombin activator, prothrombin, and calcium ions
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What is the abnormal clotting of a vessel
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A thrombus
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What is a clot that moves in a vessel?
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An embolus
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What is a clot of a heart? Brain? Lungs?
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Coronary Thrombosis; Cerebral Thrombosis; Pulmonary embolism
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What is damage to the muscle?
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An infarction
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What is the clumping of RBC following a transfusion reaction
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Agglutination
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On the surface of RBC
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Antigen
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Proteins in plasma that react with antigens
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Antibodies
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What is the condition with a fetus - RH
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erythroblastosis fetalis
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Neutrophils
Made Percent Function |
RBM, 54-62, phagocytize foreign particles
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Eosinophils
Made Percent Function |
RBM, 1-3, kills parasites - controls swelling
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Basophils
Made Percent Function |
RBM,<1,releases heparin and histamine
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Monocytes
Made Percent Function Lifespan |
RPM,3-9, engulf large particles, weeks - months
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Lymphocytes
made percent function lifespan |
Lymphatic Tissue, 25-33, immunity, several years
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How may a person be sysetized to RH blood?
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RHOGAM shot
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What protein is secreted that tells your cells to produce platelets
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Thrombopoietin
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What hormone tells your body to make WBC
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Interleukins and colony stimulating factors
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