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29 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Cell theory
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cells are the structural, functional, reproductive unit of life
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what is the signifinance of cell divison
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the passing on of DNA
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cell devision in prokaryotic cells
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binary fisson
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prokaryotic cell devision
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replicating of single chromosome than deviding it in half
asexual reproduction |
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somatic cells
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body cells
diploid 46 chromosomes growth development and maintanence |
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germ cells
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produces gametes
haploid 23 chromosomes |
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species have different chromosome numbers
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humans 46
dorsophilia 4 chicken 76 corn 20 goldfish 92 |
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chromosome in humans
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2n (diploid) each parent has 1 set
1n+1n=2n you get one from mother and one from father |
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chromosomes in humans
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they are pairs
homologous gene for the same trait they carry have the genes for the same trait may not have the same forms humans have 23 pairs usually singled bodied and elongate |
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chromosomes prior to cell divison
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they thicken
replicate-->chromatids centromeres move to polar ends |
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divison of somatic cells
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growth development and maintence
the goal is 1cell-->2cells both diploid and identical |
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Cell cycle
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Interphase
Nuclear divison (mitosis or meiosis) cytokensis |
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Interphase G1
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most of cell life is spent in interphase
metabolic activity is high, performing normal cell activity Trigger->prepares to devide |
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Interphase s
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Synthesis
Nucleus preperations After DNA replication the chromosomes are double bodied and each consist of two sister chromatid |
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Interphase G2
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cytolasmic preperation:
proteins mitotic spindles which seperate double bodied chromosomes Cell membrane doubling cell organelles |
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Prophase
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Thickinening chromosomes
breakdown of the nucleus membrane centrioles migrate --->in animals the formation of the mitotic spindle |
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Metaphase
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Chromosomes are at the center of the cell
spindle fibers attached to centromeres of the chromatids |
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Anaphase
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Double bodied chromosomes are pulled apart
one body (daughter chromosome) toward each pole |
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Telophase
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Chromosome at each pole elongate, the nucleus membrane forms
There are two identical nuclei Mitosis complete |
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Cytokenesis
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Divison of the cytoplasm
In Animals-->cleavage Plants and fungi-->cell wall |
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Control of Cell division
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Cell density inhib
-->stop deviding when they touch eachother Anchorag -->they must be in contact with solid surface Growth factors -->protein secreted that stimulates other cells to devide they stop deviding when protein runs out |
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Cancers
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Uncontrolled cell growth
Division control genes are not working |
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problems with cancers
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cancer cells dont function normally
they starve the normal cells -->blood vessels metosis |
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causes of cancers
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Inherited
enviromental -uv light -tobacco smoke -asbestos -formaldehyde -diet |
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High fat low fiber diet
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colon rectal and brest cancer
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salty diets
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stomach cancer
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Treatments
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Surgery
-to remove masses radiation -destruction to dna chemo drugs -prohibit cell devision |
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drawbacks of Radiation and Chemo
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they are non specific
they can damage healthy cells |
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Lung Cancer
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since 1950s
doubled in males tripled in females smoking in hs/college 10x chances of cancer |
