Biology 12 - 3Rd Quarter

Front 1

Tracheophyta

Back 1

What is the phylum of vascular plants?

Front 2

Gymnosperms

Back 2

Has exposed or naked seeds.

Front 3

Angiosperms

Back 3

It's seeds are enclosed by a fruit.

Front 4

Cotyledon

Back 4

Seed leaves

Front 5

Monocot

Back 5

Has only one cotyledon

Front 6

Dicot

Back 6

Has 2 cotyledons

Front 7

Cotyledons

Back 7

Provide nutrients to seedlings before true leaves begin photosynthesizing

Front 8

Monocot

Back 8

Vascular tissues in it's roots are in a ring pattern

Front 9

Monocot

Back 9

Vascular tissues in it's stem are scattered

Front 10

Parallel venation

Back 10

The leaves of a monocot plant has what leaf pattern?

Front 11

3 or multiples of 3

Back 11

Number of flower parts in a monocot plant

Front 12

Dicot

Back 12

Vascular tissues in it's roots are in a star pattern

Front 13

Dicot

Back 13

Vascular tissues in it's stem are in a ring pattern

Front 14

Netted venation

Back 14

What is the leaf pattern of a dicot plant?

Front 15

4, 5 or their multiples

Back 15

How many flower parts are in a dicot plant?

Front 16

Meristem

Back 16

Embryonic tissues

Front 17

Organ

Back 17

A structure that contains different types of tissues and performs one or more specific functions.

Front 18

Vegetative organs

Back 18

Organs in a flowering plant that allow the plant to live and grow.

Front 19

Apexes

Back 19

Root tips

Front 20

Meristem

Back 20

A plant grows throughout its lifespan because of?

Front 21

Epidermal tissues

Back 21

Specialized tissues that form the outer protective covering of a plant.

Front 22

Ground tissues

Back 22

Specialized tissues that fills the interior of a plant .

Front 23

Vascular tissues

Back 23

Specialized tissues that transport water and nutrients and provide support.

Front 24

Epidermal tissue

Back 24

Forms the outer protective covering of a herbaceous plant and is modified in roots, stems, and leaves.

Front 25

waxy cuticle

Back 25

Covers exposed epidermal cells to minimize water loss.

Front 26

root hairs

Back 26

What do epidermal cells in roots have?

Front 27

guard cells and stomata

Back 27

What do lower leaf epidermal cells have?

Front 28

Cork

Back 28

A component of bark that is made up of dead cells that may be sloughed off.

Front 29

Cork cambium

Back 29

Meristem that makes new cork cells

Front 30

Xylem

Back 30

Transports water and minerals from roots to leaves through two types of conducting cells.

Front 31

Phloem

Back 31

Transports organic nutrients from leaves to roots.

Front 32

Roots

Back 32

Its 2 main functions are anchorage and absorption.

Front 33

Radicle

Back 33

The root system of seedling.

Front 34

Dicots

Back 34

Typically have a large, singular tap-root

Front 35

Monocots

Back 35

Have a diffuse, branched, fibrous root system

Front 36

Adventitious roots

Back 36

Roots that develop from the stem above the first root

Front 37

Prop roots

Back 37

Other term for adventitious roots

Front 38

Root hairs

Back 38

Greatly increase the absorptive capacity of the root

Front 39

The iceberg principle

Back 39

Principle that states that the root system is equivalent in size and extent to the shoot system.

Front 40

Root cap

Back 40

A protective covering for the root tip

Front 41

Zone of cell division

Back 41

What zone can you find the root apical meristem?

Front 42

Zone of maturation

Back 42

In this zone, mature cells are differentiated and epidermal cells have root hairs.

Front 43

Zone of elongation

Back 43

In this zone, cells become longer as they specialize.

Front 44

Epidermis

Back 44

Single layer of thin-walled, rectangular cells; root hairs present in zone of maturation

Front 45

Cortex

Back 45

Thin-walled, loosely-packed parenchyma; starch granules store food

Front 46

Endodermis

Back 46

Between cortex and vascular cylinder, single layer of endodermal cells bordered by the Casparian strip

Front 47

Endodermis

Back 47

Regulates entrance of minerals into the vascular cylinder

Front 48

Pericycle

Back 48

Gives rise to lateral roots

Front 49

Pith

Back 49

Centrally located in a monocot's roots

Front 50

Stem

Back 50

The main axis of the plant along with its lateral branches.

Front 51

Node

Back 51

Area where a leaf is attached to a stem.

Front 52

Internode

Back 52

The region between nodes

Front 53

Bud scales

Back 53

Modified leaves found in the terminal bud that protects the shoot apical meristem.

Front 54

Leaf scars

Back 54

Appear if a twig is or has been dormant and the leaves have been shed.

Front 55

Abscision layer

Back 55

The protective layer that forms before a leaf falls off

Front 56

Lenticles

Back 56

Are small pores all over the stem used for gas exchange

Front 57

Pith rays

Back 57

Composed of living parenchyma cells that allow materials to move laterally.

Front 58

Phytoremediation

Back 58

The use of plants to help clean up polluted soil and groundwater.

Front 59

Casparian strip

Back 59

Stops water and solutes from entering the xylem via cell walls

Front 60

Xylem sap

Back 60

The solution of inorganic nutrients conveyed in xylem tissue from a plant's roots to its shoots.

Front 61

Transpiration

Back 61

The loss of water from the leaves

Front 62

Humus

Back 62

Decaying organic material. It provides nutrients, holds water and air, and supports the growth of organisms that enhance soil fertility.

Front 63

Mycorrhizae

Back 63

A network of fungalthreads that increases a plant's absorption of nutrients and water.

Front 64

Nitrogen fixation

Back 64

Process of converting atmospheric nitrogen to ammonium

Front 65

Reception

Back 65

Cell signals are detected by receptors that undergo changes in shape in response to a specific stimulus.

Front 66

Transduction

Back 66

Is a multistep pathway that amplifies the signal. This allows a small number of signal molecules to produce a large cellular response.

Front 67

Hormones

Back 67

Chemical messengers that coordinate the different parts of a multi-cellular organism

Front 68

Tropism

Back 68

A plant growth response from hormones that results in the plant either growing toward or away from the stimulus.

Front 69

Auxin

Back 69

Plant hormone that promotes plant growth by facilitating the elongation of developing cells.

Front 70

Gibberellins

Back 70

Are a group of plant hormones that promote plant growth.

Front 71

more than 60

Back 71

There are how many types of Gibberellins?

Front 72

Tips of roots and shoots

Back 72

Where is auxin produced?

Front 73

In young leaves, roots and shoots

Back 73

Where are Gibberellins synthesized?

Front 74

Gibberellins

Back 74

Involved in the promotion of fruit development and of seed germination.

Front 75

Gibberellins

Back 75

May be sprayed commercially on certain crops such as grapes to increase overall size of the fruit.

Front 76

Gibberellin

Back 76

Plant hormone that controls how root cells elongate as the root grows.

Front 77

Gibberellins

Back 77

Regulate the number of cells in the root.

Front 78

Cytokinins

Back 78

A group of hormones that stimulate cytokinesis

Front 79

Roots

Back 79

Where are cytokinins produced?

Front 80

Cytokinins

Back 80

Influence the direction of organ development

Front 81

Cytokinins

Back 81

They modify apical dominance in stems and promote lateral bud growth.

Front 82

Cytokinins

Back 82

They stimulate seed germination.

Front 83

Ethylene

Back 83

Gaseous hormone that promotes the ripening of fruit.

Front 84

Ethylene

Back 84

Is involved in stimulating the production of flowers.

Front 85

Leaf abscission

Back 85

The aging and dropping of leaves

Front 86

Abscisic Acid

Back 86

Is a growth inhibitor.

Front 87

Abscisic Acid

Back 87

Promotes stomatal closing during drought stress

Front 88

Abscisic Acid

Back 88

It promotes leaf senescence when plants go dormant for the winter.

Front 89

Abscisic acid

Back 89

Promotes seed dormancy and inhibits early germination.

Front 90

Phototropism

Back 90

A plants’ response to light.

Front 91

Gravitropism (Geotropism)

Back 91

The response to gravity by stems and roots.

Front 92

Thigmotropism

Back 92

A response to touch

Front 93

Photoperiodism

Back 93

The response of plants to changes in the relative length of daylight and night.

Front 94

Photoperiod

Back 94

The relative length of daylight and night.

Front 95

Circadian rhythm

Back 95

A clock that measures the length of daylight and night.

Front 96

Microspores

Back 96

Male spores

Front 97

Macrospores

Back 97

Female spores

Front 98

Necullus

Back 98

Other term for megasporangium

Front 99

Integuments

Back 99

Tissue layers that surround the megasporangium.

Front 100

Pistil

Back 100

The female reproductive structure in angiosperms

Front 101

Stamen

Back 101

The male reproductive structure of angiosperms

Front 102

Filament

Back 102

The stalk of the anther

Front 103

Anthers

Back 103

Where is pollen produced?