Biology 102 - Exam 3

Front 1

What is the percent of Animals that are invertebrates.

Back 1

95%

Front 2

What is the percent of Animals that are vertebrates.

Back 2

5%

Front 3

Define a groups of cells with similar functions that are found together in an organism.

Back 3

Tissue

Front 4

Extracellular Matrix

Back 4

Protein fibers, minerals, proteoglycans, fluid

Front 5

ECM of Blood

Back 5

Plasma, fluid

Front 6

ECM of Bone

Back 6

Calcium phosphate salts, solid

Front 7

ECM of Cartilage

Back 7

Flexible ECM

Front 8

ECM of Regular Connective Tissue

Back 8

Fibrous ECM

Front 9

Basement Tissue

Back 9

ECM in Epithelial tissue

Front 10

Connective Tissue

Back 10

Stores energy, connects epithelium to the rest of the body, transports materials and gasses through out the body, helps provide structure mesoderm.

Front 11

Which two tissues don't have functional ECM?

Back 11

Muscle and Nervous

Front 12

Epithelial Tissue

Back 12

Sheet of tightly joined cells that may exist in one or more layers, stratified.

Front 13

Muscle Tissue

Back 13

Long cells, contracts. Contains actin any myosine. Examples: Skeletal, Cardiac, Smooth.

Front 14

Nervous Tissue

Back 14

Transmits electro-chemical impulses; basis of the major controlling system of the body forms the brain and spinal cord.

Front 15

Two types of Extracellular fluid

Back 15

Plasma and Interstitial

Front 16

For homeostasis to work...

Back 16

Conditions must be accurately detected, control must be possible, and change in cellular function must occur (metabolism)

Front 17

Organ System

Back 17

A group of organs that work together to provide specific function for the organism.

Front 18

Two major types of effectors

Back 18

Muscles and Glands

Front 19

Negative feedback

Back 19

Describes the effect in which the final product of a biochemical pathway inhibits the first step; the process in which a stimulus acts on a sensor that communicates with an effector producing a response that opposes the initial stimulus. Negative feedback is used to maintain steady conditions, or homeostasis.

Front 20

Positive feedback

Back 20

Initial stimulus produces a response that enhances the original change (blood clotting and child birth)

Front 21

Pulmonary Circuit

Back 21

Pumps blood from the heart > lungs > back to heart

Front 22

Is a fever positive or negative feedback?

Back 22

Positive

Front 23

Blood flow through heart

Back 23

1. Right Atrium

2. Right Ventricle

3. Lungs

4. Pulmonary Veins

5. Left Atrium

6. Left Ventricle

7. Body

Front 24

Systemic Circuit

Back 24

Oxygenated blood from lungs-body tissues

Left side of the heart

Front 25

"Lubb" - First heart sound

Back 25

Results from atrioventricular valves (AV) closing at the beginning of Ventricular Systole; contraction.

Front 26

"Dupp" - Second heart sound

Back 26

Results from closure of aortic and pulmonary semilunar valves at the beginning of Ventricular Diastole; relaxed.

Front 27

Heart Murmur

Back 27

An abnormal sound from the heart produced by defects in the chambers or valves.

Front 28

Contraction Cycle

Back 28

Systole (Contractions) > Diastole (Relaxation)

Front 29

Cardiac Conduction System

Back 29

Specialized cardiac muscle tissue which conducts impulses.

Front 30

Pacemaker of the Heart

Back 30

SA Node

Gives the heart electrical signal to contact. SA gives signal to AV node. AV node signals R and L bundle branches which gives the muscle the signal to contract.

Front 31

Wall structure of vessels

Back 31

Arteries, Arterioles, Venules and Veins

Wall structure is similar: epithelium (lining), smooth muscle and connective tissue outer covering.

Thick walls = No exchange

Capillaries: Thin walls = epithelium (lining) only = exchange

Front 32

Diffusion though epithelial cells

Back 32

Molecules diffuse through the capillary wall

Front 33

Blood makeup

Back 33

55% - Plasma

45% - Packed cells

Front 34

Pressure driven flow

Back 34

Of fluid through pores in the capillary wall

Front 35

What is the function of white blood cells?

Back 35

White blood cells defend the body against disease. White blood cells, called leukocytes, are larger than red blood cells.

Front 36

Red blood cells function

Back 36

Carries O2/CO2 from lungs to cells and vice versa.

Front 37

Air Passageway

Back 37

Nose, Pharynx, Larynx (voice box), Trachea (wind pipe), Bronchi, Bronchiole, Alveoli

Front 38

Lymphatic System

Back 38

Lymphatic Vessels

Lymph Nodes

Front 39

During inhalation, diaphragm is...

Back 39

Contracted

Front 40

What is the functional unit of the respiratory system?

Back 40

Alveoli

Front 41

What happens during exhalation?

Back 41

- Thoracic cavity decreases

- Alveolar pressure to Atmospheric pressure

- Air moves out

Front 42

During inhalation, volume of the thoracic cavity ____ and pressure ____.

Back 42

volume increases and pressure decreases

air is pulled into the lungs

Front 43

Which direction does oxygen move at gas exchange sites within the lugs.

Back 43

From alveolar space into the blood

Front 44

By what process does gas exchange occur within the body?

Back 44

Diffusion

Front 45

____ has the lowest levels of oxygen.

Back 45

Pulmonary artery

Front 46

Which way does carbon dioxide move at gas exchange sites within the lung?

Back 46

Out the blood into the air space of the alveoli ("delivery")

Front 47

Oxygen transport

Back 47

1.5% dissolved in plasma and 98% binds to hemoglobin

Front 48

Which has the highest levels of carbon dioxide?

Back 48

Pulmonary vein

Front 49

Without good blood flow, interstitial tissues would have..

Back 49

High levels of O2 and low levels of CO2

Front 50

Hemoglobin under high temperatures

Back 50

Oxygen released

Front 51

Long chains of amino acids

Back 51

Protein

Front 52

Cellular Respiration

Back 52

CO2 + H2O (Water) = Sugar + O2

Front 53

Sections of Digestive Tract

Back 53

Pharynx, Esophagus, Stomach, Small Intestine, Large Intestine, Anus (accessory: liver, pancreas, salivary glands)

Front 54

Two phases involved with digestion

Back 54

Physical, chemical

Front 55

What type of muscle is found within the digestive system?

Back 55

Smooth muscle

Front 56

Major digestive enzyme in saliva

Back 56

Amylase (starch to maltose)

Front 57

Role of stomach

Back 57

Sanitizes, stores, mixes, chemical digestion

Front 58

Peristalsis

Back 58

Waves of smooth muscle contractions- propel food along GI tract

Front 59

What type of chemical digestion beings in the stomach?

Back 59

Protein, pepsin responsible

Front 60

Gastric glands produce

Back 60

Mucus, HCl, Pepsinogen (Low pH)

Front 61

Bile salts important for digestion of...

Back 61

Lipids

Front 62

What organ produces bile?

Back 62

Gall bladder

Front 63

Which portion of the digestive tract has the largest surface area?

Back 63

Small Intestine