Biology 102 Con't 3

Front 1

_________ occurs when oxidative processes cannot take place (or oxygen is not available in sufficient concentrations).

Back 1

Fermentation

Front 2

What does the cleavage of the C6 compound yield?

Back 2

two C3 molecules

Front 3

What then is 3-PG converted in to?

Back 3

2-PG

Front 4

What is the multi enzyme complex that pyruvates react with?

Back 4

pyruvate dehydrogenase

Front 5

What are the two trioses that fructose bisphosphate is cut into?

Back 5

GAP Glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate and DAP DihydroxAcetone Phosphate

Front 6

What is common in yeast and occurs after carbon dioxide is removed from pyruvate (escaped as gas)?

Back 6

Alcoholic fermentation

Front 7

What is the end-product of glycolysis?

Back 7

Pyruvate

Front 8

What does fermentation make with the combination of pyruvate and the reduction equivalent NADH?

Back 8

lactate dehydrogenase

Front 9

What is Fructose 1,6-diphosphate cut into?

Back 9

DihydroxAcetone Phosphate (DAP) and GlycerAldehyde 3-Phosphate (GAP)

Front 10

What is the purpose of Acetylcoenzyme A?

Back 10

it fuels the Krebs, Citric or TRI-CARBOXYLIC ACID cycle

Front 11

What is the total number of ATP Glycolysis provides?

Back 11

6 ATP however two are consumed for glucose activation and only really yields 4 ATP

Front 12

________ requires oxygen.

Back 12

Oxidative respiration (Aerobic Metabolism)

Front 13

How is the GAP processed?

Back 13

GAP is oxidized (NAD+ is reduced to NADH+H+) and inorganic phospahte (NOT ATP) is used to further phosphorylate the triose to yield 1,3 DiPhosphoGlyerate (DPG)

Front 14

What do both Lactate and Alcoholic fermentation consume?

Back 14

the excess NADH provided by glycolysis

Front 15

What happens when water is removed from glycolysis?

Back 15

Phospho-EnolPyruvate (PEP) and energy rich molecule is formed

Front 16

What does the formation of ethanol require?

Back 16

decarboxylation of pyruvate

Front 17

Is glycolysis an efficient way for ATP production?

Back 17

NO

Front 18

What is the escaping of carbon dioxide also know as?

Back 18

acetaldehyde

Front 19

Why is glycolsis preformed if it is an inefficient way of ATP production?

Back 19

Because it can be done with out oxygen

Front 20

What important product is pyruvate converted to within the inner membrane of the mitochondria?

Back 20

Acetylcoenzyme A

Front 21

How is DAP converted intow GAP?

Back 21

by and isomerase (ratio~4:1)

Front 22

What is formed when acetaldehyde reacts with NADH?

Back 22

ethanol

Front 23

PEP (Phospho-EnolPyruvate) transfers its Phosphogroup to what?

Back 23

it transfers it to ADP to again yield ATP and pyruvate

Front 24

The two carbons that are left after decarboxylation of pyruvate combine with a________ and form _________ which is processed in the __________

Back 24

Co-enzyme Acetyl-CoA TCA cycle

Front 25

In the begining of life who and why did cetain thing rely on glycolysis?

Back 25

Early organisms relied on glycolysis as an energy source and all organisms rely on it as preparation for oxidative reactions

Front 26

What are the two compounds participating in the multi enzyme complex?

Back 26

Vitamin B and Lipoic Acid

Front 27

Which of the two,DAP or GAP, can be processed?

Back 27

GAP however DAP is converted to GAP

Front 28

When Pyruvates react with pyruvate dehydrogenase it eliminates CO2 forms NADH+H+ and transfers the remaining two carbons (the acetyle group) to Co-enzyme A forming?

Back 28

Acetyl-CoA

Front 29

what is the DPG (DiPhosphoGlycerate) converted to?

Back 29

3-PG (PhosphoGlycerates) by transfering one phosphate group to ADP

Front 30

What is irreversible and is not part of the citric acid cycle, but is obligatory for the entry of all carbohydrates into the tricarboxylic acid cycle?

Back 30

decarboxylaton of pyruvate

Front 31

Fermentation starts with_____?

Back 31

pyruvate

Front 32

What is most common is higher organisms and is the cause of sore muscles?

Back 32

Lactate fermentation