Sheehan Biology 102 Test 1

Front 1

What structures do all prokaryotic cells possess?

Back 1

semirigid, permeable cell wall surrounds the plasma membrane

Front 2

. What shapes do prokaryotic cells have?

Back 2

a capsule or slimy layer of polysaccharides, polypeptides, or both often encloses the wall

Front 3

What structures are external to some prokaryotic cells?

Back 3

. one or more bacterial flagella

Front 4

How do bacteria reproduce?

Back 4

a bacteria has nearly doubled in size, it divides in two.

Front 5

. What are photoautotrophs?

Back 5

build organic compounds by photosynthesis; they are “self-feeders”; tap sunlight for energy and use carbon dioxide as their carbon

Front 6

What are chemoheterotrophs?

Back 6

are parasites or saprobes,

Front 7

What are some pathogenic bacteria?

Back 7

Neisseria gonorrhoea, Vibrio cholerae

Front 8

What are some defining features of E. coli?

Back 8

lives in mammalian gut – makes vitamin K, helps digest fat, and normally keeps foodborne pathogens in check by outcompeting them for nutrients

Front 9

How do some bacteria survive hostile environments?

Back 9

endospore encloses

Front 10

Where have methanogens been found

Back 10

salt lovers, heat lovers (marsh mud, Antarctic lakes, hydrothermalvents, and rocks deep below the Earth’s surface

Front 11

Rhizobium performs what function in root nodules?

Back 11

causes nitrogen-fixing (peas )

Front 12

What does a virus consist of?

Back 12

protein coat surrounding a nucleic acid core

Front 13

What does a virus force the host cell to do?

Back 13

insert its genetic material and some enzymes

Front 14

What characterizes the lysogenic pathway of viruses?

Back 14

viral DNA becomes integrated into host’s chromosomes, to become activated later.

Front 15

What are the three types of Archaebacteria?

Back 15

methanogens ( methane makers ) extreme halophiles ( salt lovers ) extreme thermophiles ( heat lovers

Front 16

What is an endemic disease?

Back 16

tuberculosis, are more or less always present in a population but are confined to a small part of it

Front 17

. What are some present-day pandemic diseases?

Back 17

Aids and Sars

Front 18

What are antibiotics?

Back 18

are compounds synthesized by one organism that can kill another – we use them as weapons against bacterial pathogens.

Front 19

What lifestyles might protists exhibit?

Back 19

Simple, reproduction (haploid & diploid)

Front 20

What organelle do all protists possess?

Back 20

a nucleus, large ribosomes, mitochondria, ER, Golgi bodies

Front 21

How are trypanosomes transmitted to humans?

Back 21

African sleeping sickness – spread by Tsetse flies

Front 22

What structure do aquatic protists use to control water?

Back 22

contractile vacuole

Front 23

Which protists have a hardened shell?

Back 23

Foraminifera’s

Front 24

Most key producers in aquatic habitats are:

Back 24

ciliates, apicomplexans, and dinoflagellates

Front 25

What organisms have bioluminescent qualities?

Back 25

. Dinoflagellates

Front 26

How do ciliates reproduce asexually?

Back 26

binary fission, an asexual reproduction mode that divides the cell body into two parts

Front 27

. What cells does the parasite Plasmodium infect?

Back 27

liver cells

Front 28

From which algae is agar extracted?

Back 28

Sargassum, Macrocystis

Front 29

How is food digested in the fungi?

Back 29

then individual cells absorb digested bits

Front 30

What are saprobes?

Back 30

absorb nutrients from nonliving organic matter and cause its decay.

Front 31

What type of life-styles are found in fungi?

Back 31

Life cycles are diverse

Front 32

. What are the reproductive cells of fungi called

Back 32

spores

Front 33

. What are most food-spoiling molds?

Back 33

. multicelled sac fungi

Front 34

What type of fungi help flavor cheeses?

Back 34

Penicillium

Front 35

What group do most edible fungi belong

Back 35

BASIDIOMYCETES

Front 36

What group do mushrooms belong?

Back 36

Agaricus bisporus

Front 37

What fungi are needed by bread makers?

Back 37

. Saccharomyces cerevisiae

Front 38

What is a lichen?

Back 38

fungal species ( sac fungi ) intertwined with one or more photoautotrophs, most often green algae or cyanobacteria

Front 39

46. What type of relationship is shown by plants and mycorrhizae?

Back 39

Its called mycorrhiza???????

Front 40

How would you describe animals?

Back 40

Are multicelled, and in most cases their body cells form tissues that become arranged as organs and organ systems

Front 41

What type of symmetry is exhibited by a starfish?

Back 41

radial symmetry

Front 42

What is a complete digestive tract?

Back 42

a blastopore that develops on the embryo’s surface

Front 43

What is a coelom?

Back 43

. a type of cavity that has a unique tissue lining called a peritoneum, which encloses organs and holds them in place in the cavity

Front 44

What animals have no symmetry, organs, or tissues?

Back 44

sponges

Front 45

. What animals possess spicules?

Back 45

sponges

Front 46

What animals possess nematocysts?

Back 46

cnidarians

Front 47

. How do sponges feed?

Back 47

Water flows into the body through many pores in the body wall and flows out a large opening at the anterior end.

Front 48

How do sponges reproduce?

Back 48

is a hermaphrodite; it produces eggs and sperm.

Front 49

What material gives jellyfish buoyancy?

Back 49

. mesoglea lies between the epidermis and gastrodermis;

Front 50

What are the stages in the life cycle of Obelia?

Back 50

has a medusa as its sexual stage. Gonads are embedded in its epithelium. The gonads release gametes and the zygotes form into planulas, swimming larvae usually lined with ciliated cells. It becomes a polyp or medusa, and the cycle begins again

Front 51

What type of skeleton does a jellyfish possess?

Back 51

Secretions from polyps in a colony form external skeletons that interconnect with one another

Front 52

What group of organisms lack a digestive system and absorb digested material from its host?

Back 52

tapeworms

Front 53

What organisms are the simplest bilateral, cephalized animals?

Back 53

mollusks

Front 54

. Which two groups of flatworms are notorious parasites?

Back 54

flukes tapeworms

Front 55

What are setae used for? (earthworm)

Back 55

They provide traction for moving through the earth.

Front 56

What is a nephridium used for?

Back 56

regulate the volume and composition of body fluids

Front 57

Which mollusks have the capacity to learn?

Back 57

Cephalopods

Front 58

. What is the largest group of mollusks?

Back 58

Gastropods

Front 59

. How do bivalves feed?

Back 59

graze on cnidarians, then incorporate ingested nematocysts in their own tissues

Front 60

. ______ are bilateral worms with a cuticle with organ systems filling up their false coelom.

Back 60

roundworms

Front 61

What are some notorious roundworms?

Back 61

What are some notorious roundworms?

Front 62

What are the six key arthropod adaptations

Back 62

Hardened exoskeletons, Jointed appendages, Specialized segments and fused-together segments, Respiratory structures, Specialized sensory structures, Specialized developmental stages

Front 63

What organisms use book lungs for respiration?

Back 63

Spiders

Front 64

What organisms are chelicerates?

Back 64

Spiders, Ticks, Mites

Front 65

What arthropods have two pair of antennae

Back 65

Cursteceans

Front 66

Who are known as “the insects of the seas”?

Back 66

crusteaca

Front 67

What are malpighian tubules used for?

Back 67

get rid of waste material

Front 68

. What characteristics make insects the most successful animals

Back 68

. Small, reproduction, food

Front 69

Which animals possess a water vascular system?

Back 69

78. echinoderms

Front 70

What are the four features found in all chordates?

Back 70

Notochord, nervous system, slits, tail

Front 71

. What type of feeders are lancelets?

Back 71

80. Cephalochordata

Front 72

In what animals did the jaw first appear?

Back 72

83. Placodermi

Front 73

. From what structures did lungs evolve?

Back 73

84. Outpouchings

Front 74

What is the key difference between sharks and other fishes

Back 74

cartlidge skeletons

Front 75

. In what group of animals did lungs first appear?

Back 75

first vertebrates

Front 76

. What are the coelacanths?

Back 76

lobe-finned fishes

Front 77

What function do gills serve?

Back 77

gills pull oxygen out of the water

Front 78

. For what process do amphibians return to water?

Back 78

to lay eggs

Front 79

Where do most frogs and toads live in the world?

Back 79

in or around our water

Front 80

What are some chracteristics of reptiles that make the differen than amphibians

Back 80

They hold water well

Front 81

Which reptiles have a four chambered heart?

Back 81

Alligators, Crocs

Front 82

What feature is only present in mammals?

Back 82

Only vertebre with mamary glands and hair

Front 83

What brain region became enlarged in upright walking organisims?

Back 83

bipedalism

Front 84

What are some key features of birds, making them successful at flight?

Back 84

hollow bones

Front 85

Where do most marsupials live?

Back 85

Austraillia

Front 86

What organasims display bipedalisim?

Back 86

humanoids

Front 87

who are the anthropoids?

Back 87

monkeys, apes, humans

Front 88

Which human first used the tool?

Back 88

Homo habilis

Front 89

Which human walked out of Africa?

Back 89

Homoerectus

Front 90

Who are the egg laying mammals?

Back 90

duck-billed platypus and two speciesof spiny anteaters ( in Australia and in New Guinea