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84 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Evolution |
The scientific explanation for diversity of life |
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Common Descent |
Organisms date back to a common anscestor |
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Descent with Modification |
the change in a population from generation to generation |
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Natural Selection |
The organisms who have better mutations survive to reproduce Ex: the desert pocket mice |
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Fossil Evidence |
an imprint or part of an organism that lived long ago , dated by rock layers or radio isotopic dating |
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Precambrian |
The First of the four eras, the oldest known fossils, had prokaryotes (still living today changed the early atmosphere) 4600 to 542 mya |
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Paleozoic |
"ancient life" 542 to 251 mya |
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Cambrian |
Huge increase in the variety of organisms |
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What is the Burgess Shale? |
Canadian Rockies, one of the oldest fossil beds, from 540 mya Fossils of: trilobites, velvet worms, opabima, anomalocaris ( largest animal) |
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Mesozoic |
"age of dinosaurs" |
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K-T Mass extinction |
Global event, reset the path of evolution almost all large land air and sea animals became extinct. |
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Cenozoic |
"age of mammals" Wooley mammoth, Saber tooth cat, primative horses |
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Nebraskas Ash fall fossil beds |
caused by a volcanic eruption southwest idaho 12 mya |
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Labrea tar pits |
pits of tar in la during the cenozoic era trapped animals in tar and they died fossilizing their bones |
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Requires Varriation of inherited traits Discovered by Darwin |
Natural Selection |
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Darwin |
Proposed the theory of Natural Selection after studying finches on the galapogoes islands |
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Random Mutations |
Mutations in genes can cause animals to be more or less fit for it's enviorment |
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genetic recombination |
3 ways crossing over random assortment random fertilization |
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Mutations are random but... |
natural selection and evolution are not |
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Gymnosperm |
first seed plants during the mesazoic era Vascular systyem reproduce by seeds
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Conifer |
Type of Gymnosperm pine, spruce, fir, cedar Cone Bearing |
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Angiosperm |
Seed plants Produce flowers and fruits Replaced conifers as dominant plant 95% of all living plants |
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Vascular system |
internal transport of food water and minerals |
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xylem |
moves water and minerals up from roots to leaves, tubes of dead cells |
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Heartwood |
older xylem not functioning, clogged |
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sapwood |
younger functioning xylem |
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phloem |
chain of live cells delivers glucose through plants |
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cuticle |
waxy cover on leaf, decreases water loss |
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stomata |
opening on the underside of the leaf. carbon dioxide goes in. Oxegen and water vapor go out. closed at night to reduce water loss. |
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pollen |
sexual reproduction in the absence of external water |
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fertallization |
pollen lands on stigma pollen tube grows through style sperm move through tube to ovary |
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seed |
protects embryo, nourishes embryo, disperses to new locations, dormacy |
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fruit |
thickening of ovary wall produces fruit |
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nonvascular plant |
no internal transport systyem |
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mosses |
first land plants 400 mya no vascular systyem |
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vascular plants |
internal transport for glucose minerals and water |
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ferns |
dominated paleozoic landscape some as tall as trees, now coal deposits we burn today, reproduce by spores |
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gymnosperms reproduce by |
pollen, use seeds |
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cones |
how conifers make seeds |
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angiosperms reproduce by seeds but have flowers for |
sexual reproduction |
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petals |
attract pollinators |
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sepals |
protect bud |
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stamen (male) |
Two parts Anther (pollen)- produces pollen by meiosis Filament- elevates anther |
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Carpel (female) |
3 parts stigma- landing pad for pollen style- tube that leads to the ovary Ovary- contatins ovules with eggs
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Why do leaves turn yellow and orange in the fall? |
because their isn't as much sunlight so the plants produce less chloraphyll and then the chloraphyll that they do have starts to break down. |
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Vertabrate |
has jointed vertabral column, rigid inner skeleton, well developed circulatory systyem |
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Endothermic |
regulates body temperature on it's own Warm blooded |
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ectothermic |
cold blooded can not regulate it's own body temperature |
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Baleen |
the things whales use to filter feed (like teeth but not) |
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What are the 5 types of vertabrates? |
Fish Amphibians reptiles birds mammals |
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Fish |
ectothermic two types cartilaginous- skeleton of cartiladge exposed gill slits inflexible fins Bony- skeleton of bone covered gills flexible fins overlapping scales operculum |
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operculum |
flap covering gills in bony fish |
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Amphibians |
ectothermic smooth moist skin ( no scales), lay eggs in the water, larvae with gills, adults with lungs |
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reptiles |
ectothermic watertight skin, dry scales, lay leathery eggs on land, no aquatic larvae |
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birds |
endothermic feathers, wings, two legs, hard-shelled eggs, light weight skeleton |
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mammals |
endothermic mammary glands, hair, give birth to live yound except platapus and echidna |
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egg laying mammals |
platapus and echidna |
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marine mammals |
narwhal, blue whale |
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primates |
shortened snout forward facing eyes fewer teeth hands with 5 digits nails and thumb shoulder joint enlarged brain vertical posture |
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How much DNA do Chimps, Bonobos, and Humans share? |
98.7% |
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Invertabrates |
animals with no vertabrae |
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krill |
tiny floating anthropods food for blue whales |
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spineret |
located on the spiders abdomen extrudes silk the thing a spider uses to spin a web |
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sponges |
most primative, sessile, no body symmetry |
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cnidarians |
radial symmetry, nerve net, no skeleton, tentacles,nematocysts |
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nematocysts |
stinger or way to ward off enemies capture prey |
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anthrapods |
bilateral symmetry jointed appendages segmented body rigid exoskeleton |
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Horseshoe Crab |
"living fossil" anthrapod hasn't changed for thousands of years |
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Insects |
Three body parts- head, thorax, abdomen six legs antennae |
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Crustaceans |
dominant marine anthrapods ex: krill, mantis shrimp |
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mantis shrimp |
most complex eyes of any animal, aggressive, can punch at 50 mph, powerful claws, will eat other aquarium members |
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Aracnids |
spiders Two body parts- cephalothorax, abdomen eight legs eight eyes |
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3 types of spiders |
ant mimicking web spinning hunters |
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adaptation |
evolutionary process by which an organism becomes better able to live in its habitat |
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adaptive trait |
stable heritable characteristic the contributes to the survival and reproduction of individuals 2 types physiological and structural |
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physiological adaptive trait |
special functions ex: temperature regulation, making venom, secreting slime |
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structural adaptive trait |
physical features ex: shape, body covering, or internal structures |
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Mimicry |
similarity of one species to another which protects one or both |
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coevolution |
change in one species followed by a related change in another ex: predator/ prey flowers/ pollinator |
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speciation |
evolutionary process by which new species arise 2 types Allopatric and sympatric |
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Allopatric |
physical barrier develops and eventually animals become seperate species Geographical isolation |
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sympatric |
formation of a new species froom the same ancesteral species while in the same region behavioral isolation- sexual selection temporal isolation-reproduce at diffrent times ecological isolation- diffrent food shelter preferances |
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disruptive selection |
selection for a trait that prevents interbreading |
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Reproductive Isolation |
two groups of organisms can no longer exchange genes |
