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10 Cards in this Set

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  • Back

Three Types of Mutation: Examples of Each

Beneficial: Accumulate over time because increase reproductive success: Sickle-cell allele.


Harmful: Huntington's disease (brain disorder), viruses like human influenza


Neutral - no advantage, no disadvantage

Definition of Mutation

Mutations create new genes that provide a continual supply of new genetic infomation.

Domestication/Artficial Selection of ____ to make dogs, and of wild sea cabbage selected for stem and flowers to make _____, or terminal bud to make _____

Canis lupus, broccoli, cabbage

Advantages/Disadvantages/Limitation of Artificial Selection

Trait breeded for will be drastically more prominent than in original breeding population (ie tomatoes), decrease biodiversity making prone to disease (large corn cobs = insect pests), some bring bad alleles like dogs with hip dysplasia/cancer or strawberries that are white on inside. Can't create traits that don't already exist unless genetic engineering, and process is slow unless blah.

The First Proposed Mechanism to Evolution

Chevalier de Lamarck, use and diuse, although wrong because ex. eyes, proposed all species evolved over time, a species evolves in response to its environment and becomes better adapted, and changes are passed on from generation to generation

Fossil Formation

- Needs lack of oxygen to prevent decomposition


- buried in sediment (more common underwater)


- Fossil becomes mineralized, more common in hard-body like shells than soft like leaves

Catastrophism

George Curvier (paleontologist), Global Catastrophes explain the different fossils found at different layers and shallower most closely resemble living organisms


Didn't explain rising complexity, simple everywhere

Uniformitarianism

Charles Lyell (father of modern geology)


- Earth has been changed by the same processes now as in past


- Slow and gradual than fast and catastrophic


- Natural laws are constant and eternal, same intensity now as it was before

Biogeography

study of geographic distribution of living things and fossils,

Observations made by Darwin in the Galapogos Islands

- Similarity to closest land mass, but otherwise unique, lack of fear of humans, no native amphibians or large land mammals (b/c couldn't get there)