Biology 100

Front 1

Parts of scientific method

Back 1

observation
question
hypothesis
experiment
data analysis
conclusion
repeat

Front 2

a series of logical 'either/or' predictions tested by experiments to reject one alternative

Back 2

scientific theory

Front 3

key characteristics of life

Back 3

growing, active-movement, has energy, consumes energy, produce

Front 4

examples of life

Back 4

potted house plant, stalk of celery, fertilized robin eggs

Front 5

examples of non-life

Back 5

stalk of celery, carrot from rainbow foods, 2 by 4 from menards, fossil fish, popcorn before you pop it

Front 6

more key characteristics of life

Back 6

unique property; property that can be used to identify life. distinguishes life from non-life

Front 7

define and give examples of key characteristics of life

Back 7

basic properties of life
1. complexity-intricate, complicated
2. movement- change inposition from one place to another
3. respnse to stimulation- responds to an agent, action or condtion taht causes activies

Front 8

Deine life

Back 8

biology is the study of life. Life-not easy to deine, difference between life/death at cellular level vs. entire organism. Cells die continuously, but organisms still lives. Transplants- entire organ removed from one person, given to another

Front 9

A historical view of death (how we were able to tell when a human-being was still alive)

Back 9

movement
breathing
heart beat
brain waves
death-like life- isn't neatly defined

Front 10

why is classification needed and how this relates to the plague

Back 10

plague killed 25% of European population in 14th Century. Need to identify and name it. Yersinia Pestis- bacterium carried by fleas of rodent like rats.

Front 11

List biological categories from most general to most specific

Back 11

biological categories, domain, kingdom, phylum, class, order, family, genus, species

Front 12

average global temp. is increasing. average global temp. is increaisng and humans are causing this

Back 12

global warming

Front 13

climate change

Back 13

does not imply that climate changes the same way for every region of the Earth. Some scientist groups use term to mean human induced increase in temperature. other groups use term to simply indicate temperature is increasing.

Front 14

refute common myths about Earth's temp. rising since 1880s.

Back 14

4.6 million years ago
myths-
there can't be a warming trend because- the next few weeks will be really cold.
winter 03 and 04 were coldest on record in northeastern U.S.
The earth must be examined over long periods of time.
the cause of warming in the past does not have to be the cause of warming now; many differ between periods

Front 15

list and explain the ways temperature can be measured indirctly

Back 15

prior to 1850- ocean sediment cores. calcium carbonates and silica- depositing organisms 9lived at ocean surface and on the floor. Organisms contain oxygen. comparing two forms of oxygen allows precition of water temperature since they act differently at differnt temps)

Front 16

list the greenhouse gases and human sources

Back 16

carbon dioxide- fossil fuel conbustion- deforestation. ZSolid waste and wood buring
Methane- rice paddies. domestication of ruminatns (animals genrally eat grasses) decompostions in land fills.
Ozone- trap heat. Automobiles and factories- block UV ray. Create Smog
Nitrous Oxide-fossil fuel combusion. buring solid waste. fertilizer and nylon.

Front 17

Explain how general carbon dioxide and methane have changed in the past 200,000 years

Back 17

carbon diozide- steady then sharp increase last 100 years
methane- same pattern
gases remain in teh atmosphere for 12-120 years

Front 18

what do scientists agree upon regarding climate change (temperaterue and greenhouse gases in particular)

Back 18

temperature of earth is increasing. very likely 9/10 chance human induced greenhouse gases are causing global warming

Front 19

list scientists prdictions for temperature rises, sea level rise, heat waves and heavy rains by the year 2100

Back 19

temperatures likely to rise 3.6-8.1 degrees F by 2100. Eu says schange above 2 degrees C will be dangerous. Sea level will rise 11-16.9 inches by 2100. Very likely that extreme heat waves and heavy rain will become more frequent

Front 20

list the function of insulin and where it comes from

Back 20

insulin- hormone (messager protein) made in pancrease- beta cells, tell body cells to take in glucose (sugar). body cells convert glucose into ATP. Excess glucose stored by live as glycogen. In a diabetic with medication/management problems- high glucose in blood and urine

Front 21

list cellular repiration reactions

Back 21

1. ATP comes form process of CR. body cells use ATP as energy source. Glose oxygen -> carbon dioxide + water + energy

Front 22

metabolism

Back 22

all chemical reaction that occur in your body

Front 23

what order will your body choose to use carbs, proteins and fats for energy

Back 23

carbs, fats then proteins

Front 24

list possible causes of diatbetes

Back 24

genetics/family history
obesity
don't eat processed gains
viral bacterial
drug damage to pancreas

Front 25

list symptons of diatbetes

Back 25

weight loss
nausea vomting
extreme thirst
frequent urination
blurry vision
impotency (men)
depression
seizure
fatique
irriability

Front 26

risk factors of diabetes

Back 26

age, heredity, exercise, obesity, ethnicty

Front 27

risk factor

Back 27

things that put you at risk for getting a disease, doesn't mean you will get it.

Front 28

what does food provide for yoru body

Back 28

energy source. source of essential molecules not made by the body

Front 29

put the nutrients in order (simple carbs, complex, protem and fats) from the one that provides body cells with energy fastest to slowest

Back 29

fat and protein then complex carbs then simple carbs

Front 30

explain the recommended diet for diabetics

Back 30

keep blood sugar level steady. balance carbohydrates with proteins. stay away from refined and simple carbohydrates- go form complex carbs. since insulin is low or artificially introudced with injections, you can't overload it with glucose

Front 31

treatments.ways to manage diabetes

Back 31

diet, regular exercise, insulin injectiosn/pumps

Front 32

list what types of food you should eat and how often

Back 32

At most meals in abundance
-whole grains foods, plant oils, vegetables
2-3 times a day - fruit
1-3 times a day- nuts, legumes, dairy
0-2 times per day - fish, poultry and eggs
sparingly- red meat, butter, white rice, white bread, potatoes, white pasta and sweets

Front 33

using general principles to explain specific observations, is the reason of mathematics, philosophy, politics and ethics

Back 33

dedutice reasoning

Front 34

first beame popular about 400 years ago. looking at the world to understand how it works. it is from observations taht scientist determine the principles that govern our physical world

Back 34

inductive reasoning

Front 35

have been manufactured in large amounts since htey were invented in 1920s, largely for use as collants in air conditioners, propellants in aerosols and foaming agent in styrofoam

Back 35

chlorofluorocarhobs CFCS

Front 36

scientific investigations can be said to have six stes

Back 36

observing what is going on
forming a set hypotheses
makign preditions
testing them
carrnign out controls
forming conclusions after elimainating one or more of the hypotheses

Front 37

each factor that might influence a process

Back 37

variable

Front 38

a collection of related hypotheses that have been tested many times and now rejected is called a

Back 38

theory

Front 39

cells were discovered by

Back 39

orbert hooke

Front 40

one of hte basic ideas in biology, is the foundation for understand the reproduction and groth of all organisms

Back 40

the cell theory

Front 41

what are two major kinds of cells

Back 41

prokaryotes and eukaryotes

Front 42

_- have relatively unfiorm cytoplasm that is not subdivided by interior membranes into separate comparments

Back 42

prokaryotes

Front 43

all bacteria and archasa are _________all other organisms are ________

Back 43

prokaryotes...eukaryotes

Front 44

the chemical bonds in carbon diozide molecules transmit radiant energy from the sun but trap the longer wavelength of infrared light or heat and prevent them from radiating into space.

Back 44

greenhouse effect

Front 45

food stuffs to obtain energy is called

Back 45

cellular respiration

Front 46

the surface of the nucleus is bounded by a special kind of membrane called the

Back 46

nuclear envelope

Front 47

_________ form when the two membrance layers of the nuclear envelope pinch together. A nuclear pore is into an empty opeing like the hole in a doughnut; rather it has many proteins embedded within it

Back 47

nuclear pores

Front 48

an organism that can harvest light energy from the sun or from the oxidation of inorganic compounds to make organic molecules

Back 48

autotroph

Front 49

an oranism that does nto have the ability to produce its own food

Back 49

heterotroph