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61 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Active Transport |
The Passage of substances across a cell membrane against a concentration gradient |
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Amino Acid |
A substance that comprises an amino group and an acid carboxyl group, H and a side chain bonded to a central C atom. |
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Carrier Protein |
Proteins that transport salutes across the lipid bilayer of the plasma membrane by a change in shape of the protein |
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Cell |
The basic structural and functional unit of most living organisms |
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Chromosome |
A structure containg proteins and a single DNA molecule that carries genetic information |
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Cytoplasm |
The contents of a cell other than the nucleus. It includes the cytosol and the cell organelles |
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Cytosol |
The soluble, gel-like part of cytoplasm |
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Diffusion |
The process of net passive movement of substances from a region of high concentration to one of lower concentration |
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DNA |
Deoxyribonucleic acid, a double stranded nucleic acid molecule composed of repeating nucleotide bases of adenine, thymime, guanime and cytokine which contains the coded information the production of proteins |
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Endocytosis |
The process whereby particles enter an animal cell intact without passing through the structure of the plasma membrane |
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Enzyme |
A substance, usually a protein, that increases the rate of a biochemical reaction |
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Cell compartmentalisation |
As well as plasma membrane surrounding the cytoplasm eukaryotes have internal membrane that form specialised membrane bound compartments within the cell |
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Cholesterol |
A compound of the sterol type found in most body tissues. Cholestrol and is derivatives of cell membranes and precursors of other steroid compounds |
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Concentration gradient |
The process of particles which are sometimes called so lures moving through a solution or gas from an area of lower number of particles |
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Epithelium |
A tissue consisting of tightly packed cells forming a sheet with littl or no intercellular matrix between them |
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Eukaryote |
An organism that consists of cells containg distinct organelles including a nucleus many of which are bound by a membrane |
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Exocytosis |
A process by which substances are removed from te cell |
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Extremophile |
A microorganism especially an archaean that lives in conditions of extreme temperature acidity alkalinity or chemical concentration |
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Facilitated diffusion |
The process whereby a substance is transported across the plasma membrane of a cell using transport proteins that are specific to each salute transported but without the expenditure of energy |
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Genophore |
The nucleoid is an irregular shaped region within the cell of a prokaryote that contains all or most of the genetic material |
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Glycolipid |
Are lipids with a carbohydrate attached by a glyosidix bond |
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Glycoprotein |
A complex molecule composed of a protein bonded to a carbohydrate |
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Hydrophobic |
Describes the lack of affinity with water of a non polar molecule; water fearing |
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Inorganic |
Not consisting of or serving from living matter |
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Integral protein |
A type of membrane protein that is permently attached to the biological membrane |
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Internal environment |
Refers to the internal milieu of a multicellular organism |
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Intracellular fluid |
The internal fluid of a cell |
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Lipid |
A group of long chain high energy molecules composed of carbon hydrogen oxygen nitrogen and phosphorus, that are all non polar and therefore insoluble in water |
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Microvilli |
One of a number of tiny hair like extension on the surface of many epithelial cells which increase the surface area of the structure on which they are found |
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Mrna |
The group of rna molecules that transcribes the genetic information from the DNA in the nucleus |
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Murein |
A polymer consisting of sugars and amino acids that form as a mesh like layer outside the plasma membrane of the moist bacteria forming the cell wall |
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Nucleolus |
A dark staining sub organelle found within the nucleus of cells |
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Organelle |
A structure found within cells that performs a specialised metabolic function |
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Organic compound |
A molecule that contains one or more carbon atoms |
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Osmosis |
A term that describes the diffusion of water across a semi permeable membrane from a region of high solute concentration |
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Osmotic gradient |
The difference in concentration between 2 solutions on either side of a semi permeable membrane and is used to tell the difference in percentages of the concentration of a specific particle dissolved in a solution |
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Osmotic pressure |
The pressure that would have been applied to a pure solvent to prevent it from passing into a given solution by osmosis |
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Peripheral protein |
Proteins that adhere only to the biological membrane with which they are associated |
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Phagocytosis |
A type of endocutosis employed by phagocytes to engulf solid foreign matter that has entered the body |
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Phospholipid |
A lipid contacting a phosphate group in its molecule |
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Pinocytosis |
The ingestion of liquid into a cell by the budding of a mall vesicles from the cell membrane |
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Plasma membrane |
A microscopic membrane of lipids and proteins which forms the external boundary of the cytoplasm of a cell or encloses a vacuble and regulates the passage of proteins of molecules in and out of the cytoplasm |
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Plasmid |
A piece of DNA found in bacteria and yeast that is able to replicate independently of the main chromosomes of te cell |
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Polypeptide |
A molecule consisting of a single chain of many amino acids linked together by peptide bonds |
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Prokaryote |
An organism that is usually unicellular does not have its dna enclosed I'm a distinct nucleus lacks double membrane bond organelles and employs alternative methods of cell division |
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Protein |
A macromolecule consisting of amino acids |
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Recombinant DNA |
Usually refers to DNA that has been deliberately manipulated in laboratories by isolating cutting and recombining as a means of altering its structure and function |
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Ribosome |
An organelele found within the cytoplasm of cells that is involved in the synthesis of polypeptides |
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Rough endoplasmic reticulum |
Endoplasmic rectulum that has ribosomes bound to its surface giving it a rough appearance |
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Rrna |
Ran that is found in the ribosomes |
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Semi permeable |
Describes a membrane or other barrier that allows some substance ago pass through it but not others |
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Solute |
A substance that is dissolved in a solvent to form a solvent |
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Substrate |
A substance on which enzymes act |
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Symbosis |
A relationship existing between organisms of different species that live together and function in close association with each other |
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Taxonomy |
The scientific study of the classification and therefore the evolutionary relationships of organisms |
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Tonoplast |
The semi permeable membrane that surrounds vacures within a cell |
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Transmembrane protein |
A type of membrane protein spanning the entirety of the biological membrane to which it is permently attached |
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Turgor |
The internal pressure exerted on the walls of a cell by water |
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Vescile |
A membrane bound sac found within cells that plays a role in distribution organization and transport of substances outside the cell |
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Villus |
Small finger like projections on the surface epithelial ling of the small intestine and chorion |
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Xylem |
Vascular tissue in plants that is responsible for water and mineral ion transport in the plant from the roots to th rest of the plant |
