Biol 110: Lecture 1

Front 1

Metabolism

Back 1

Sum of all chemical processes that occur in the body. Two phases: anabolism and catabolism

Front 2

Anatomy

Back 2

Science of body structures and the relationships between them

Front 3

Physiology

Back 3

science of body funtions

Front 4

6 Levels of Structural Organization

Back 4

1) Chemical
2) Cellular
3) Tissue
4)Organ
5) System
6) Organismal

Front 5

11 Systems of the human body

Back 5

Integumentary, Skeletal, Muscular, Nervous, Endocrine, Cardiovascular, Lymphatic, Respiratory, Digestive, Urinary, Reproductive

Front 6

Catabolism

Back 6

The breakdown of complex chemical substances into simpler units.
Example: Breakdown of proteins in digestion to amino acids

Front 7

6 Basic Functions of Life

Back 7

1) Metabolism
2) Responsiveness
3) Movement
4) Growth
5)Differentiation
6) Reproduction

Front 8

Tissues

Back 8

Groups of cells and the materials that surround them that work together to perform a particular function.

Front 9

Epithelium

Back 9

covers body surfaces, lines hollow organs and cavities, forms glands.

Front 10

Connective Tissues

Back 10

Connects, supports, and protects body organs while distributing blood vessels to other tissues.

Front 11

Muscular Tissue

Back 11

Contracts to make body parts move and generates heat

Front 12

Nervous Tissue

Back 12

carries info from one part of the body to another through nerve impulses

Front 13

Organs

Back 13

Structures that are composed of two or more different types of tissues, have specific function, usually have recognizable shape

Front 14

Organ System

Back 14

Related Organs with common function
Example: Digestive system -> mouth, salivary glands, pharynx, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine, liver, gallbladder, pancrease.

Front 15

Organism

Back 15

any living individual, total living form.

Front 16

Anabolism

Back 16

Building up of complex chemical substances from smaller simpler components
Example: Building of proteins from amino acids.

Front 17

Homeostasis

Back 17

Condition of Equilibrium in the bodies internal environment due to the constant interactions of the body's many regulatory processes.

Front 18

Feedback System (Feedback Loop)

Back 18

A cycle of events in which the status of a bodys condtition is monitored, evaluated, changed, remonitored, reavaulated and so on.
3 basic components:
1) Receptor (monitors controlled condition and sends input to control center)
2) Control Center (sends output to effector)
3) Effector (Produces response that changes controlled condition)

Front 19

Afferent Pathway

Back 19

Input from receptor to control center (sending a signal toward control center)

Front 20

Efferent Pathway

Back 20

Output from control center
Example: nerve impulses, hormones

Front 21

Negative Feedback

Back 21

Reverses a change in a controlled condition (negates condition)
Response reverses the original Stimulus
Example: Baroreceptors detect high blood pressure, send INPUT (nerve impulses) to brain (CONTROL CENTER), sends OUTPUT to heart/blood vessels (EFFECTORS), heart rate decreases and vessels dilate (RESPONSE)

Front 22

Positive Feedback

Back 22

Response enhances/reinforces the original stimulus
Example: Childbirth - contraction causes release of oxytocin, oxytocin causes more contractions

Front 23

Disorder

Back 23

Abnormality of structure or function

Front 24

Disease

Back 24

specific term for an illness characterized by recognizable set of signs and symptoms

Front 25

Symptoms

Back 25

subjective changes in body function that are not apparent to an observer

Front 26

Signs

Back 26

Objective Changes that can be measured

Front 27

Anatomical Position

Back 27

Standard body position: Subject stands erect facing observer, feet flat on floor directed forward, upper limbs are at sides with the palms turned forward.
Prone position - laying face down
Supine - Body laying face up