Biochemistry Nucleic Acid Structure And Function

Front 1

what are 3 places you find modified bases

Back 1

viral DNA

tRNA

methylated bases in Eukaryotes for regulation of gene transcription

Front 2

DNA is read and synthesized in which direction?

Back 2

5 prime to 3 prime

Front 3

what holds the antiparallel strands of DNA together

Back 3

H bonds

Front 4

what do you call the normal, dehydrated and left-handed types of DNA

Back 4

B = normal

A = dehydrated

Z = left handed

Front 5

what are the relative abundances of RNA

Back 5

mRNA 2%

tRNA 16%

rRNA 82%

Front 6

Azidothymidine

Back 6

AZT = Azidothymidine

nucleoside analog that lacks a free 3-prime OH group AND has a high affinity for reverse-transcriptase enzymes

the lack of an OH group for a phosphodiester bond interferes with the transcription

Used as a treatment for HIV

Front 7

Didanosine

Back 7

Didanosine is a nucleoside analog that lacks a free 3-prime OH group AND has a high affinity for reverse-transcriptase enzymes

ddl

the lack of an OH group for a phosphodiester bond interferes with the transcription

Used as a treatment for HIV

Front 8

Acyclovir

Back 8

nucleotide analog with an open chain structure in place of the pentose sugar ring

Acyclovir is a potent inhibitor of viral DNA polymerase and causes termination of DNA replication

used in the treatment of herpes virus

Front 9

Tenofovir

Back 9

nucleotide analog with an open chain structure in place of the pentose sugar ring

Tenofovir is a potent reverse transcriptase inhibitor that is used to treat HIV infection

Front 10

Cytosine arabinoside

Adenosine arabinoside

Back 10

possessing unusual planar structures, these inhibit the activity of DNA polymerase

they also induce DNA damage when incorporated into DNA during replication

anti-cancer drugs that selectively destroy the rapidly dividing cancer cells

Front 11

Cytidine analogs

for that matter, what IS cytidine?

Back 11

Cytidine is a nucleoside, its just cytosine and the ribose sugar

the cytidine analogs possess N atoms at position 5 of cytidine which disrupt the process of DNA methylation. They inhibit DNA methyl transferases. Some cancer cells methylate the p53 gene, for instance, to prevent it's transcription

aka: decitabine, 5-azacytidine

Front 12

5-flouroacil

Back 12

5-fluoroacil is an anti-cancer agent

is converted to fDUMP which inhibits thymidilate kinase which is needed for the synthesis of thymidine nucleotides

Front 13

Azathioprine

Back 13

Azathioprine is metabolized to 6-mercaptopurine

suppresses organ rejection during transplantation

Front 14

Allopurinol

Back 14

a gout treatment

Allopurinol inhibits xanthine oxidase, decreasing the conversion of purine bases to uric acid end products

the purines are excreted as xanthine and hypoxanthine which are more soluble than uric acid

Front 15

Adenosine

Back 15

has something to do with periods of sleep and wakefulness

used to treat supraventricular tachycardia

Front 16

what's the name of the enzyme that catalyzes the formation of a phosphodiester bond between a new nucleotide and the growing strand of DNA

Back 16

DNA polymerase

Front 17

what are decitabine and 5-azacytidine

Back 17

cytidine analogs

(N in the base part of it)

Front 18

what is Cytarabine

Back 18

cytosine arabinoside

(inverted 2' OH group, planar configuration)

Front 19

what is Vidarabine

Back 19

adenosine arabinoside

(inverted 2' OH group, planar configuration)

inhibits DNA polymerase, a powerful anti-cancer agent