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17 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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B cell.
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One of the major types of cells in the immune system. B cells can differentiate to form memory cells or antibody-forming cells.
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B form.
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The most common form of duplex DNA, containing a right-handed helix and about 10 (10.5 exactly) base pairs per turn of the helix axis.
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Beta-bend (b-bend) or turn.
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A characteristic way of turning an extended polypeptide chain in a different direction, involving the minimum number of residues, and held together by hydrogen bonding.
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Beta-sheet (b-sheet).
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A sheetlike structure formed by the interaction between two or more extended polypeptide chains.
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Beta-oxidation (b-oxidation).
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Oxidative degradation of fatty acids that occurs by the successive oxidation of the b-carbon atom.
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Base.
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The adenine, guanine, cytosine or thymine group attached to a nucleotide or nucleoside. Also may be used to refer to a nucleic acid unit within a polynucleotide chain, as when a gene is said to be 2000 bases long.
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Base analog.
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A compound, usually a purine or a pyrimidine, that differs somewhat from a normal nucleic acid base.
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Base stacking.
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The close packing of the planes of base pairs, commonly found in DNA and RNA structures.
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Bidirectional replication.
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Replication in both directions away from the origin, as opposed to replication in one direction only (unidirectional replication).
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Bilayer.
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A double layer of lipid molecules with the hydrophilic ends oriented outward, in contact with water, and the hydrophobic parts oriented inward.
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Bile salts.
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Derivatives of cholesterol with detergent properties that aid in the solubilization of lipid molecules in the digestive tract.
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Biochemical pathway.
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A series of enzyme-catalyzed reactions that results in the conversion of a precursor molecule into a product molecule.
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Bioluminescence.
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The production of light by a biochemical system.
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Blastoderm.
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The stage in embryogenesis when a unicellular layer at the surface surrounds the yolk mass.
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Bond energy.
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The energy required to break a bond.
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Branchpoint.
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An intermediate in a biochemical pathway that can follow more than one route in following steps.
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Buffer.
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A conjugate acid-base pair that is capable of resisting changes in pH when acid or base is added to the system. This tendency will be maximal when the conjugate forms are present in equal amounts.
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