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49 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is PFK controlled by?
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ATP/AMP ratio
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Size of PFK?
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360kd
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What does each subunit of PFK contain?
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1 active site for F6P and an allosteric site for ATP
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What does ATP binding to the allosteric site of PFK do?
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Decreases the enzyme-F6P affinity
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AMP and ATP what kind of inhibition is it?
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Competitive inhibition of allosteric inhibitor
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Where does glycolysis control occur?
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Muscle
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What does more ATP cause in hemoglobin?
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T state
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What does more AMP cause in hemoglobin?
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R state
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When you have an increase in ATP do we need more or less Glucose made?
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Less
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Does AMP induce a change in PFK?
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No
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What does a high ATP/AMP ratio mean?
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Cell needs amp
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What does a low ATP/AMP ratio mean?
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Cell needs ATP
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If your PFK is in the R state, what is stimulated , ATP or AMP production?
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ATP
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If your muscle moves, is it in the R state or T state?
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R
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If your muscle relaxes, is it in the R state or T state?
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T
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If your muscle is in the T state, is ATP stimulated?
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No
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If your muscle is in the T state, what is inhibited?
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Pyruvate Kinase and Hexokinase
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How does glucose get in and out of cell?
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P-membrane, through the glucose-1 transporter
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What is muscle pyruvate kinase stimulated by?
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F-1, 6-BP
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Where does Citrate inhibit PFK in?
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the liver
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What is the metabolic fate of pyruvate: ANAEROBIC EDITION!
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Pyruvate>>lactate, or it can go Pyruvate>>Acetaldehyde>>ethanol
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What is the metabolic fate of pyruvate Aerobic edition!
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Pyruvate>>acetyl CoA
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In the Pyruvate>>Acetylaldehyde>>ethanol pathway, what can we NOT do?
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Acetaldehyde>>ethanol. We don’t have alcohol dehydrogenase
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In the Pyruvate>>Acetylaldehyde>>ethanol pathway, what CAN we do?
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Pyruvate>>acetaldehyde. We have pyruvate decarboxylase
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What is fermentation?
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An ATP-generating process in which organic cpds serve as both electron donors/acceptors. (O2 not required.)
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Where does gluconeogenesis occur?
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The liver
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Why does gluconeogenesis occur?
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To maintain blood glucose levels. (Your brain needs constant glucose supply, but your brain doesn’t have sugars)
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When does gluconeogenesis occur?
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Too much pyruvate, and limited glucose
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What is the first step of Gluconeogenesis?
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Pyruvate carboxylase. You use an ATP, and you go from pyruvate to oxaloacetate.
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What is the 2nd step of gluconeogenesis?
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Phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase. Use a GTP. Go from Oxaloacetate to Phosphophenol pyruvate
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What is the 8th step of gluconeogenesis?
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Fructose 1,6 bisphosphate. Use an H2O, go from Fructose 1,6 bisphosphate to F6P
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What is the 10th Step of Gluconeogenesis?
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G6Phosphatase. Go from G6P to Glucose!
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What can you do with glycerol, some amino acids and lactate?
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Make glucose
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Do glycolysis and gluconeogenesis occur at the same time?
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NO.
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If ATP/AMP is high, is the TCA cycle activated or blocked?
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Blocked
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What activates Fructose 1,6 Bisphosphatase (GNG)?
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citrate
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What inhibits Fructose 1,6 Bisphosphatase (GNG)?
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F2,6-BP and AMP
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What activates PFK?
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F-2,6-BP and AMP
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What inhibits PFK?
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Citrate, ATP, H+
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Is PFK glycolysis or GNG?
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Glycolysis
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Is Pyruvate kinase Glycolysis or GNG?
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Glycolysis
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What activates Pyruvate Kinase
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F-1,6-BP
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What inhibits Pyruvate Kinase
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ATP, alanine
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What activates Pyruvate carboxylase
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Acetyl CoA
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What inhibits Pyruvate carboxylase
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ADP
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What activates Phosphoenol-pyruvate carboxylkinase
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None
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What inhibits Phosphoenol-pyruvate carboxylkinase
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ADP
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What is hexokinase inhibited by?
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G6P
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What happens to Free glucose?
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It can leave the cell
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