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19 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Rate-Limiting Enzyme for Glycolysis |
Phosphofructokinase-1 (PFK-1) |
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Stimulators and inhibitors for PFK-1 |
(+) = AMP, F-2,6-BP (-) = ATP, Citrate |
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What are the effects of PFK-1 with insulin (fed state) and Glucagon (fasting) |
*Insulin =PFK-2 converts F-6-P to F-2,6-BP to stimulate PFK-1 (ie glycolysis occurs) *Glucagon = FBPase-2 converts F-2,6-BP to F-6-P (ie glyconeogenesis occurs) |
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Rate-Limiting Enzyme for De Novo pyrimadine synthesis? |
CPS-2 (Carbamyol Phosphate Synthease-2) *Found in cytoplasm *Nitrogen from Glutamine |
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Rate-Limiting Enzyme for De Novo Purine synthesis? |
Glutamine PRPP Amidotransferase |
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Rate-Limiting Enzyme for Gluconeogenesis? |
Fructose-2,6-Bisphosphatase |
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Rate-Limiting Enzyme for Glycogen Synthesis? |
Glycogen Synthetase (makes the α-1,4 linkages to lengthen glycogen) |
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Rate-Limiting Enzyme for Glycogenolysis? |
Glycogen Phosphorolase (breaks the α-1,4 linkages to shorten glycogen) |
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Rate-Limiting Enzyme for TCA cycle? |
Isocitrate Dehydrogenase |
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Rate-Limiting Enzyme for Hexose Monophosphate Shunt? |
G6PD *Necessary to produce NADPH for FA & CH synthesis, ROS production in phagocytes, Cyp P450 enzymes, and protection of RBC from oxidative stress |
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Stimulators and inhibitors for F-2,6-BPase? |
(+) = ATP (-) = AMP, F-2,6-BP *notice that these are the opposite regulators for PFK-1 for glycolysis regulation! |
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Rate-Limiting Enzyme for Ketone Body Synthesis? |
HMG-CoA Synthase *Produces Acetoacetate & Beta-Hydroxybutyrate from Fatty Acids when oxaloacetate is depleted in TCA cycle |
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Rate-Limiting Enzyme for Cholesterol Synthesis? |
HMG-CoA Reductase *Produces CH from Acetyl-CoA *Inhibited by Statins |
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Rate-Limiting Enzyme for Urea Cycle? |
CPS-1 (Carbamyol Phosphate Synthease-1) *Found in mitochondria *Nitrogen from Ammonium |
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What are the cofactors for PDH? What other enzyme recquires the same cofactors? |
("Tender Loving Care For Nobody") Thyamine Pryophosphate (TTP), Lipoate, CoA, FAD, NAD *Also used by alpha-ketogluterate |
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What is the rate-limiting enzyme for Beta-oxidation of Fatty Acids? |
Carnitine-Acyl Transferase 1 (CAT1) |
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What is the rate-limiting enzyme for fatty acid synthesis? |
Acetyl CoA Carboxylase |
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What is the rate-limiting enzyme for bile acid synthesis? |
Cholesterol 7-alpha Hydroxylase |
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What is the rate-limiting enzyme for Heme Synthesis? |
ALA Synthase |
