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16 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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a-helix
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a type of secondary structure commonly found in proteins which is characterized by 3.6 residues per turn and a phi angle of -57 degrees and psi angle of -47 degrees for a right-handed helix and a phi angle of 57 degrees and a psi angle of 47 degrees for a left-handed helix. This structure is stabilized by intra-chain hydrogen bonds which form a loop of 13 atoms.
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amino acid
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a biomolecule containing an amino group, a carboxylic acid group, a proton, and another functional group (aka R-group) attached to the same carbon>>>an alpha amino carboxylic acid.
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anabolism
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a metabolic pathway which consumes ATP to synthesize biomolecules
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anomer
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a chiral center which is not initially present in a molecule and which is created by intramolecular bonding.
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affinity
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the attraction of one molecule to another. it is quantified as a binding constant.
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assay
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an analytical procedure in which the amount or concentration of an unknown is determined by comparing its response or reaction to that obtained with a known amount or concentration of the same or similar material
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buffer
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a solution of weak acid or base which is present in acid-base pair which resists changes in pH when another acid or base is added.
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carbohydrate
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polyhydroxyl ketones or polyhydroxyl aldehydes and their derivatives. the name is derived as the hydrate of carbon based on the general formula (C(H2O))n.
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catabolic
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a metabolic pathway which produces energy [ATP].
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chemical isomers
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two different molecules which have the same chemical composition. For example, 2-methyl propane and n-butane are chemical isomers.
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chiral center
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a single atom or a group of atoms when the attached groups are interchanged, the two molecules are not superimposable. Note that a helical arrangement of atoms, which themselves do not have chiral centers, creates a chiral center. It is typically four different groups attached to the same carbon [chiral] atom and is capable of rotating the plane of polarized light.
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chaotropic agent
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"chaos creating" agents-- molecules which denature biomolecules. examples include urea, guanidinium, and sodium dodecyl sulfate
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chromatography
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a technique of separation and/or analysis which is based on the relative affinity of solutes for a moving and stationary phases
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beta sheet
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a type of secondary structure commonly found in proteins which is characterized by two linear strands of the polypeptide backbone lying side by side and connected with hydrogen bonds and which is characterized by a phi angle of -119 degrees and psi angle of +113 degrees for parallel beta sheets and a phi angle of -139 degrees and a psi angle of +135 degrees for anti-parallel beta sheets.
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configuration
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the arrangements of atoms around a chiral center. a change in configuration requires BREAKING and remaking the bonds between the atom and the chiral center
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conformation
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the arrangement of atoms in space. a change in conformation does not require breaking and remaking of chemical bonds, although many changes in conformation occurs with the breaking and remaking of bonds involved with the different intra- and intermolecular interactions.
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