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77 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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functions of circulatory system
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1.transportation
-respiratory -nutritive -excretory -regulatory 2.protection -leukocytes -thrombocytes |
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cardiovascular system
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heart
-four chambers -double pump blood vessels -arteries -veins -capillaries |
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lymphatic system - components
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lymphatic vessels
-collect interstitial fluid, return to venous blood lymph nodes -cleanse lymph, swell |
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composition of blood
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formed elements
blood plasma buffy coat |
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formed elements of blood
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erythrocytes
leukocytes platelets cellular portion, 45% of volume is the hematocrit |
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erythrocytes
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RBCs
transport oxygen destroyed in liver & spleen after 120 days |
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leukocytes
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granular, agranular
white blood cells phagocytic provide immunity |
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platelets
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thrombocytes
lifespan 5-9 dyas destroyed in liver & spleen role in blood clotting - make up major portion of clot & release serotonin to reduce bloodflow |
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blood plasma
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albumins
globulins fibrogen 55% of blood, fluid portion |
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hemopoesis
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occurs in myeloid tissue - red bone marrow
occurs in lymphoid tissue - lymphnodes |
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erythropoesis
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red bone marrow
formation of rbc |
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leukopoesis
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formation of wbc
granular in red bone marrow agranular in lymphoid tissue |
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cyanosis
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blue
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anemia
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low RBC
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edema
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swelling
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erythema
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redness in the face
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leukocytosis
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increase of WBC
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leukemia
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immature leukocytes
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sickle cell anemia
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misformed rbc
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mononucelosis
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atypical lymphocytes
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apex
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coneshaped end of heart, resting on diaphragm
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base
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broad superior end where great vessels attach
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pericardium
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heart wall
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parietal pericardium
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outer wall of pericardial cavity
against wall of thoracic cavity |
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visceral pericardium
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outer layer of heart, inner layer of pericardial cavity
against organs |
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four chambers of the heart
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R & L
atria - upper ventricles - lower |
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interatrial septum
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separates atria
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interventricular septum
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separates ventricles
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coronary sulcus
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surface depression btwn atria and ventricles
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interventricular sulci
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anterior & posterior
marks division btwn the ventricles |
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respiration
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external respiration
-ventilation -gas exchange at lungs internal respiration -gas exchange between blood and tissues of the body -oxygen utilization |
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ventilation
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the act of breathing
-inspiration -expiration |
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gas exchange
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-between air and blood at the lungs
-between blood and tissues of the body |
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oxygen utilization
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energy production by cell of the body
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upper respiratory system - organs
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nose, pharynx
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lower respiratory system - organs
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larynx
trachea bronchial tree pulmonary alveoli lungs |
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pharynx
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connects nasal and oral cavities
respiratory and digestive functions walls of skeletal muscle lumen lined with mucous membrane several paired lymphoid organs: tonsils three regions -nasopharynx -oropharynx -largyngopharynx |
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laryngopharynx
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inferior or lower portion of the pharynx in contact with the larynx
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nasopharynx
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superior portion of pharynx
close to the nose |
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oropharynx
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middle portion of pharynx
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palatine tonsil
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noid of lymphoid tissue
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auditory tube
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middle ear to nasopharynx
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cricoid cartilage
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inferior part of larynx
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epiglottis
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covers glottis when swallowing
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glottis
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opening into larynx
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thyroid cartilage
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supports/protects vocal cords
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laryngeal prominance
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adam's apple
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vestibular folds
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provide support
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vocal folds
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produce sound
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trachea
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airway from larynx to bronchi
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tracheotomy
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surgically opening the trachea
-great risk of cutting the recurrent laryngeal nerve or common carotid artery |
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tracheostomy
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inserting a tube into the trachea for breathing
-great risk of cutting the recurrent laryngeal nerve or common carotid artery |
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carina
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reinforces tracheal bifurcation
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bronchi
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branches of trachea
-primary -secondary -segmental |
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bronchioles
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further subdivisions of bronchi
-terminal -respiratory |
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pulmonary alveolus
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where external respiration (gas exchange) occurs
main functioning unit of the lungs |
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lobes of the lungs
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right - three
left - two, to accomodate the heart |
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parietal pleura
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serous membrane on inner wall of thorax & diaphragm
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visceral pleura
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serous membrane on surface of the lung
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pleural cavity
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contains lubricating fluid for decreased resistance
each lung has its own |
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congenital heart disease
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due to abnormalities in embryonic development
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tetralogy of fallot
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1. ventricular septal defect
2. overriding aorta 3. pulmonary stenosis 4. R ventricular hypertrophy open heart surgery necessary cyanosis |
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septal defect
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most common heart defect
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bacterial endocarditis
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disease of lining ofthe heart
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pericarditis
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inflammation of pericardium
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aneurysm
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expansion of linging of the heart, aorta, or artery
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EKG
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electrocardiogram
measures heartrate/conduction p q r s t |
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p wave
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sa node activation
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p-r interval
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time required for sa depolarization to reach ventricles
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qrs complex
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depolarization of ventricles
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s-t segment
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time btwn qrs and repolarization
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t wave
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ventricular repolarization
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myocarditis
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inflammation of heart muscle, cardiac enlargement, congestive heart failure
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ischemia
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inadequate supply of oxygen due to inadequate blood flow
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myocardial infarction
MI |
sudden and irreversible necrosis (cellular death) due to ischemia
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tachycardia
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heartbeat faster than 100 beats per min
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bradycardia
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heartbeat slower than 60 beats per min
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