Bio Unit 2 Exam

Front 1

plasma membrane

Back 1

defines cell as distinct entity
-all living cells have outermost plasma membrane

Front 2

nucleus

Back 2

only in eukaryotic cells, place where DNA is stored

Front 3

nucleoid

Back 3

region of cytoplasm not enclosed in membrane

Front 4

cytoplasm

Back 4

everything btwn plasma membrane and region of DNA

Front 5

lipid bilayer

Back 5

continuous, oily boundary that prevents free passage of water-soluble substances across it
-structural basis of plasma membrane

Front 6

surface to volume ratio

Back 6

constrains increases in cell size, object's volume increases with cube of its diameter, but surface area increases with square

Front 7

bacteria

Back 7

most metabolically diverse organisms, first cells to form after life originated

Front 8

archaea

Back 8

prokaryotic, no nucleus, have cell wall around plasma membrane

Front 9

cell wall

Back 9

protects, structurally supports cell

Front 10

chloroplast

Back 10

specializes in photosynthesis

Front 11

central vacuole (plant)

Back 11

increases cell surface area, stores metabolic waste

Front 12

chromosome

Back 12

one DNA molecule, many proteins that are intimately associated with it

Front 13

chromatin

Back 13

total collection of all DNA molecules and their associated proteins in nucleus

Front 14

rough ER

Back 14

modifies new polypeptide chains, synthesizes lipids

Front 15

golgi body

Back 15

modifies, sorts ships proteins and lipids for export or for insertion into cell membranes

Front 16

smooth ER

Back 16

diverse roles (makes lipids, degrades fats, inactivates toxins)

Front 17

lysosomes

Back 17

vesicles that digest, recycle materials

Front 18

perioxisomes

Back 18

hold enzymes that digest fatty acids, amino acids, hydrogen peroxide

Front 19

mitochondrion

Back 19

type of organelle that specializes in ATP formation in aerobic respiration

Front 20

cytoskeleton

Back 20

structurally supports, imparts space to cell, moves cell and its components

Front 21

cell wall

Back 21

plant wall around its cell membrane

Front 22

plant cell's primary wall

Back 22

first thin, pliable wall of young plant cells

Front 23

plant cell's secondary wall

Back 23

rigid, permeable wall inside primary wall of plants
-forms after first growing season (yr 2)

Front 24

cell junctions

Back 24

molecular structures where a cell sends/receives signals or materials, or recognizes and glues itself to cells of the same type

Front 25

flagella (movement) and cilium (sensory)

Back 25

motile structures that project from surface of many types of cells

Front 26

pseudopods

Back 26

false feet, temporary irregular lobes that bulge out from cell, move cell and engulf prey

Front 27

basal body

Back 27

started out as centriole, source of 9+2 array

Front 28

9+2 array

Back 28

in cilium and flagella, 9 filaments, 2 microtubules- motion of cells

Front 29

fluid mosaic model

Back 29

every cell membrane has mixed composition (lipids- phospho, glyco, sterols, proteins)

Front 30

components of all cell membranes

Back 30

-protein receptors
-transporters
-enzymes

Front 31

adhesion protein

Back 31

help cells of same type locate each other, remain in proper tissue

Front 32

communication protein

Back 32

match up across plasma membranes of 2 cells, give signals, substances flow from cytoplasm of one cell to another

Front 33

receptor protein

Back 33

bind substances outside of cell, trigger cell activities

Front 34

recognition protein

Back 34

identify, tag each species, give fingerprint for protein

Front 35

hydrostatic pressure

Back 35

turgor pressure, pressure of fluids inside cell against cell wall or membrane

Front 36

osmotic pressure

Back 36

substance follows the water concentration gradient

Front 37

endocytosis

Back 37

cell uptake of substances

Front 38

exocytosis

Back 38

cell release of substances

Front 39

protein's primary structure

Back 39

covalently bonded amino acids begin to make up polypeptide chain

Front 40

protein's secondary structure

Back 40

polypeptide chain becomes folded/twisted/looped/coiled
-happens because of h-bonding between R groups

Front 41

protein's tertiary structure

Back 41

polypeptide chain becomes organized, structurally stable
-shape determines function

Front 42

protein's quaternary structure

Back 42

2 or more polypeptide chains bonded together/associated with one another