Unit 1 Ap Bio

Front 1

1. Why is matter necessary for biological systems?

Back 1

Nothing can exist without matter. Matter is everything.

Front 2

2. Explain the usage of CHONPS in biological systems.

Back 2

CHO- Carbs, lipids

S- Amino acids, disulfide bridges, proteins

PN- Amino Acids, Nucleic acids (phosphate backbones)

Front 3

3. Diagram the exchange of matter between organisms and the environment

Back 3

N- Amene group in amino acids

-in nucleic acids, Is nitrogenous base (GTCU)

Front 4

4. What function does Nitrogen serve in proteins? In nucleic acids?

Back 4

Proteins: CN Bond in proteins

Nucleic Acids: Nitrogen Base

Front 5

5. What function does phosphorous serve in nucleic acids? In phospholipids?

Back 5

Nucleic Acids: Phosphate backbone

Phospholipids: Glycerol of Phospholipids

Front 6

6. Why do biological systems need water?

Back 6

Properties of water

Front 7

7. How does the structure of a water molecule relate to its function?

Back 7

Water is polar. H is slightly + and I slightly -.

Front 8

8. How does the polarity of water lead to unique properties in liquid water?

Back 8

Hydrophilic solutions and mixes with polar substances. Solvent of life.

Front 9

9. Compare the synthesis and decomposition of biological macromolecules.

Back 9

Synthesis: Monomers go to polymers. Dehydration synthesis

Decomposition: H20 splits H+ and OH. (Hydrolysis). Requires enzymes.

Front 10

10. Where does the energy needed to drive the synthesis of biological macromolecules come from?

Back 10

The bonds split by H2O

Front 11

11. How does the structure of polysaccharides, proteins, Nucleic acids influence their functions?

Back 11

Polysaccharides: store energy due to long chains

Proteins: 3-D structure that folds together to form specific functions.

Front 12

12. How does the structure of DNA contribute to its roles in protein synthesis and heritability?

Back 12

Heritability: can easily copy itself by breaking down easily.

Synthesis: both have unique shapes

Front 13

13. Why is DNA a good molecule for information storage?

Back 13

NA

Front 14

14. How do the differences in the structure of DNA and RNA contribute to the difference in the functions of those molecules?

Back 14

DNA- double helix can store 2x info

RNA- Can connect with enzymes

Front 15

15. Explain how the sequence of amino acids in a protein determines each level of that proteins structure?

Back 15

Amino acids: 1 level- codons 2 - codons have corresponding bonding points. 3- repeat level 2.

Front 16

16. Explain the conditions of the environment that a protein is in affect the structure and function of that protein.

Back 16

-temperature

-pH

-Salinity

Alters the structure and destroys the functionality since the shape determines function

Front 17

17. Explain how the structure of lipids determines the polarity of the molecule.

Back 17

The long HC chains make it nonpolar.

Front 18

18. If the chemistry of water occurs in aqueous solution, why are lipids useful in biological systems?

Back 18

-steroids

-store energy

-cell membrane

-hormones

Front 19

19. Why Is starch easily digested by animals while cellulose isnt?

Back 19

Starch- it's branched- more spots to be broken and attached

Celluose- straight- only one spot to attach

Front 20

20. Explain how diretionality influences the structure and function of the following polymer:

1. Nucleic Acids

2.Proteins

3.Carbohydrates

Back 20

NA

Front 21

21. Describe the relationship between the structure and function if enzymes.

Back 21

NA

Front 22

22. Explain how environmental conditions can affect enzyme function. Provide examples.

Back 22

NA