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42 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Monomer and polymer of carbs |
monosaccharide and polysaccharide |
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Monomer of lipids |
None exist however |
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Monomer and polymer of proteins |
Amino Acids and polypeptides |
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Monomer and polymer of nucleic acids |
Nucleotides and nucleic acids |
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What type of reactions break and form polymers |
form=dehydration break=hydrolosis |
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Monomer to Polymer bonds are... |
Covalent bonds |
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Starch vs Cellulose |
Starch= Storage, alpha Glucose Cellulose= Structure, beta Glucose |
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2 roles of carbohydrate polysaccharides |
Structure and storage |
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3 most biologically important lipids |
Fats Steroids phospholipids |
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3 parts of a nucleotide |
Nitrogenous base Pentose sugar Phosphate group |
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DNA has deoxyribose while RNA has |
ribose |
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DNA has thymine as a base pair, RNA replaces it with |
Uracil |
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Secondary protein structure has what type of bond? Where is it located? |
Hydrogen bond in the polypeptide backbone |
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Tertiary structure has 4 types of bonds. What are they, and where do they occur? |
Hydrogen Ionic Disulfide Hydrophobic located at R groups |
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While eukaryotes have a nucleus, prokaryotes have a... |
nucleoid |
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Both eukaryotes and prokaryotes... |
have cilia/flagellum, and have ribosomes |
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What do ribosomes do? |
Protein synthesis |
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What do lysosomes do? |
Break down and digest macromolecules |
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The ER does what 4 things? |
Manage and create vesicles synthesize lipids Store Na+ ions Detoxify cells |
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The Golgi is like the cells what? |
Post office |
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Mitochondria carry out what process? |
Cellular respiration to create ATP |
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Endosymbiont theory states that... |
Cell structures like mitochondria and chloroplast were once not present in eukaryotes, they were engulfed by early eukaryotes |
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3 pieces of evidence seen in Mitochondria and Chloroplasts that support endosymbiont theory are... |
Individual DNA Replicate themselves separately Double membranes like prokaryotes |
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Autophagy is conducted by what and why? |
Lysosomes Destroys and creates new cells to keep homeostasis in the cell |
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Three fibers of the cytoskeleton |
Microfilaments Microtubules Intermediate Filaments |
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What is the type of cell junction found in plants |
plasmodesmata |
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What three types of junctions are found in animal cells? |
Tight junctions Gap junctions Desosomes |
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Hypertonic is... |
Higher salt concentration than in the cell. Cells will shrivel in a hypertonic solution. |
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Hypotonic is... |
Lower salt concentration than in the cell. Cells will expand if they are placed in a hypotonic solution. |
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Na+ and K- must be pumped past the membrane because.... |
The ions can't pass the hydrophobic tendency of the lipid membrane |
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2 types of transport across membranes are... (think enter and exit) |
Exocytosis (Exit) Endocytosis (Enter) |
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3 types of Endocytosis and brief function |
Phagocytosis- devour the particle Pinocytosis- pinches off the membrane Receptor-Mediated- Specific receptor creates vesicle |
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Catabolic reactions do what with molecules |
Go from big to small, they disassemble macromolecules |
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Anabolic reactions do what with molecules |
Go from small to big, they create macromolecules |
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4 types of energy |
Kinetic Potential Thermal Chemical |
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Free energy change tells us that a reaction... |
is a certain point away from a free energy state of zero |
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While exergonic reactions have a net release of energy, endergonic reactions... |
take energy from outside sources to conduct reactions |
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Three types of work |
Chemical Mechanical Transport |
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Energy coupling is... |
Exergonic reactions driving endergonic one. ATP run this process. |
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How do enzymes work? |
They speed up reactions by decreasing the amount of energy required. |
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Active site on an enzyme is... |
where the matching substrate fits |
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Allosteric regulation is... |
When a molecule attaches to an enzyme at one site, and it changes the function of all other sites |
