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25 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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List the parts of the stamen and their functions |
Anther: produce pollen
Filament: support anther |
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Describe the process of fertilization
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One sperm combines with the egg to make a zygote. Another combines with two other cells to make a triploid cell the zygote feeds on
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Distinguish between pollination and fertilization
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Pollination is the transfer of pollen while fertilization is the unity of a sperm and egg
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Why did Mendal work with pea plants?
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7 easily visible traits, breeds quickly, and produces many offspring
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What is the function of the stigma
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To trap pollen
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Describe mendals experiment
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Bred plants forming the F1 generation of heterozygous tall hybrids. They then bred to form F2 which were 3/4 tall and 1/4 short |
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Distinguish between a gene and an allele |
A gene is the genetic makeup that causes a trait (e.g. color) An allele is what form the gene takes (e.g. red) |
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Distinguish between true-breeding and hybrid |
True-breeding has no change in the genotype of the offspring and the parents; while hybrid does |
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Describe Mendal's Principle of Dominance |
Certain alleles within a gene mask over the other, only displaying one allele, and is considered "dominant" The other allele, that is masked, is called "recessive" |
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Describe Mendal's Principle of Segregation |
Each plant has 2 alleles for each gene. Meiosis splits them apart; leaving each gamete with onlt one allele. |
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Distinguish between genotypes and phenotypes; give examples |
Genotypes are the genetic makeup of a gene in a particular organism. Example: AA or Aa or aa Phenotypes are the observable form of the gene. Example: Tall, Short, red, etc. |
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How are punnet squares used in genetics? |
To predict the probability of certain genotypes and phenotypes from the given genotypes of two parents |
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What is a monohybrid cross? |
The cross between ONE gene from each parent. Example: Aa x AA |
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What is the difference between homozygous and heterozygous |
Homozygous has one type of allele for that particular gene. E.g. AA or aa Heterozygous has different alleles for the gene. E.g. Aa |
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What is the genotype for an individual that shows a recessive trait |
homozygous; both lower-case letters; e.g. aa |
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What is a dihybrid cross |
the cross between TWO genes from each parent. I.e. AABB x aabb (4x4 punnet square instead of 2x2) |
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Explain Mendal's Principle of Independent sorting |
during Meiosis the chromosomes and tetrads randomly line up along the equator, causing the alleles to be seperated randomly and independently of eachother |
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Describe Mendal's experiment that supports independent sorting. |
He took a true-bred round smooth pea plant, and a true-bred wrinkled green pea plant, and bred them together. He took their offspring (F1) and allowed them to breed. Their offspring (F2) had some wrinkled yellow and smooth green. That shows that the genes are inherited independentlyq |
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What structure forms the fruit? |
the ovary |
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What are the parts of the pistil |
stigma, style, ovary |
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Distinguish between: incomplete dominance, complete dominance, and codominance |
Incomplete: both alleles are shown, only one is slightly more visible than the other Complete: only one allele is shown. The other is completely masked Codominance: Both alleles are shown in full. Could be spotted, splotched, or half and half |
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Give an example of multiple alleles |
Blood type: I^A, I^B, i |
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What are traits controlled by more than one gene? |
polygenic traits |
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Give 2 specific examples of how the environment influences the expression of genes |
Diet: not enough nourishment will stunt height growth, while too much will cause the person to get fat, and they might not grow as much Sunlight exposure: The color of human skin darkens and tans after exposure to too much sunlight. It also gets pale after having little sunlight for extended periods of time |
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Explain why the checkered chicken is an example of codominance instead of incomplete dominance |
In incomplete dominance, the traits are expressed equally over the entire body, with one being more pronounced. Codominance shows both alleles all over the body, instead of a solid color. |
