Chapter 2 Bio Test

Front 1

What is ecology?

Back 1

the study of interactions that take place between organisms and their enviroment.

Front 2

what is the portion of earth that supports life? and extends from high in the atmosphere to the bottom of the oceans?

Back 2

biospheres

Front 3

what are living things affected by?

Back 3

both living and nonliving things in the biosphere

Front 4

Where are living things found on earth?

Back 4

air, land, fresh&salt water

Front 5

what are nonliving parts of the environment?

Back 5

abiotic factors

Front 6

what are some examples of abiotic factors?

Back 6

air currents, temperature, moisture, light, and soil.

Front 7

what do nonliving factors affect?

Back 7

wheather or not organisms suvive

Front 8

what are living things in the environment called?

Back 8

biotic factors

Front 9

what do all organisms depend on?

Back 9

other orgnaisms directly or indirectly for food, shelter, reproduction, and protection

Front 10

what is a group of organisms, all of the same species, which interbreed and live in the same area at the same time?

Back 10

population

Front 11

what are all of the living and nonliving things in an organisms enviroment, m ade up of interacting populations?

Back 11

ecosystem

Front 12

whats made up of interacting populations in a certain area at a certain time?

Back 12

biological commmunity

Front 13

what is an ecosystem on land called?

Back 13

terrestrial ecosystem

Front 14

what are some examples of terrestrial ecosystems?

Back 14

forests, farms, meadows, gardens, compost heap, volcano site, rotting log

Front 15

what are some freshwater examples of an aquatic ecosystem?

Back 15

pond, lake, stream

Front 16

what are some saltwater examples of an aquatic ecosystem?

Back 16

ocean, saltwater aquarium

Front 17

what is an aquatic ecosystem that contains saltwater?

Back 17

marine

Front 18

what is a habitat?

Back 18

a place where an organism lives out its life.

Front 19

how can habitats change or dissapear?

Back 19

due to natural or human causes

Front 20

what are some other possible ecosystems?

Back 20

bathrooms, food

Front 21

what does the word symbiosis mean?

Back 21

"living together"

Front 22

what is a close and permanent association between organisms of different species?

Back 22

symbiosis

Front 23

what are the 3 kinds of symbiosis?

Back 23

mutualism, commensalism, parasitism

Front 24

what is it called when two species live in close association with one another?

Back 24

mutualism

Front 25

what is it called when there is a close associatipon in which one species benefits and the other is neither harmed or benifitted?

Back 25

commensalism

Front 26

what is the close association between species in which one species benefits and the other is harmed?

Back 26

parasitism

Front 27

Do parasites kill?

Back 27

usually harm a host, but do not kill
- if the host dies, the parasite will also die unless it finds a new host in which to live very quickly.

Front 28

a consumer that seeks out to eat other organisms

Back 28

predator

Front 29

what are the organisms called that are captured and eaten by the predators?

Back 29

prey

Front 30

what are strategies and adaptations a species uses in its enviroment?

Back 30

niche

Front 31

name the levels or organization from smallest to largest....

Back 31

-species
-population
-community
-ecosystem

Front 32

what is the ultimate source of energy that fuels all life processes?

Back 32

the sun

Front 33

how does the water cycle occur?

Back 33

Water evaporates from lakes and oceans and becomes water vapor in the air.

Front 34

how are clouds formed?

Back 34

Water evaporates from lakes and oceans and becomes water vapor in the air.
Water vapor then condenses on dust particles in the atmosphere, and this is how clouds are formed. Condensation makes small drops in clouds that build in size until they fall to the ground as precipitation.
Depending on the weather, they may fall as rain, snow, or ice.

Front 35

what is the water cycle?

Back 35

The water falls and accumulates in oceans and lakes, where it eventually evaporates and returns to the atmosphere.
When water falls on the ground, some of it returns to oceans and lakes anyway as runoff water.
When plants absorb water, it is eventually lost again to the atmosphere through leaves in a process called transpiration.
When animals drink water that falls to the ground, they lose it in two ways. First, when they exhale, water vapor is lost through the exhalation. Second, when they urinate, water is naturally returned to the environment.

Front 36

what is known as "the element of life?

Back 36

carbon

Front 37

what is a large component of all living things//?

Back 37

carbon

Front 38

what does the carbon cylce start with?

Back 38

autotrophs

Front 39

what is the carbon cycle?

Back 39

Heterotrophs feed on autotrophs and also use the carbon molecules for growth and energy. When heterotrophs use carbon for growth and energy, they release carbon in the form of carbon dioxide back into the atmosphere. The carbon is then available again for autotrophs to use, and the cycle will start all over again.
Carbon is also released back into the atmosphere when organisms die and decay. During this process, the carbon molecules from the dead organisms enter the soil. Microorganisms break down the molecules, releasing carbon dioxide.Combustion of fossil fuels also releases carbon back into the atmosphere as carbon dioxide.
Over millions of years, the remains of dead organisms are converted into fossil fuels, such as coal, gas, and oil. These fuels contain carbon molecules, so when we use them, we return carbon to the atmosphere as carbon dioxide.

Front 40

whats another word for producer?

Back 40

autotroph

Front 41

what is the study of interactions that take place between organismsand their enviroment?

Back 41

ecology

Front 42

what is an element required for growth and deveeloped

Back 42

phospherous

Front 43

is the human body an ecosystem?

Back 43

yes

Front 44

what are first order heterotrophs

Back 44

herbivores

Front 45

what are all living and nonliving t hings?

Back 45

ecosystem

Front 46

abiotic factor

Back 46

nonliving parts of an organisms enviroment; air currents. temperature, moisture, light and soil are examples

Front 47

biological community

Back 47

a community made up of interacting populations in a certain area at a certain time

Front 48

biosphere

Back 48

portion of earth that supports life; extends from high in the atmosphere to the bottom of the oceans

Front 49

biotic factor

Back 49

all the living organsims that inhabiit an enviroment

Front 50

commenalism

Back 50

symbiotiv relation in which one species benifits and the other species is neither harmed not benefitted

Front 51

ecology

Back 51

scientific study of interactions betweeen organisms and their enviroment

Front 52

ecosystem

Back 52

interactions among populations in a community; the community's physical surroundings or abiotic factors

Front 53

habitat

Back 53

a place where an organism lives out its life

Front 54

mutualism

Back 54

a symbiotic relationship in which in which both species benift

Front 55

niche

Back 55

a role or position a species has in its enviroment, includes all biotic and abiotic interactions as an animal meets its needs for survival and reproduction

Front 56

parasitism

Back 56

a symbiotic relationship in which one organism benefits at the expense of another, usually another species.

Front 57

population

Back 57

a group of organisms all of the same species, whicch interbreed and live in the same place at the same time

Front 58

symbiosis

Back 58

a permanent, close association betweeen 2 or more organisms of diffferent species.

Front 59

autotroph

Back 59

organisms that use energy from the sun or energy stored in chemical compounds to manufacture their own nutrients.

Front 60

biomass

Back 60

the total mass or weight of all living matter in a given area

Front 61

decomposer

Back 61

organisms, such as fungi and bacteria, that break down and absorb nutrients from dead organisms

Front 62

foood chain

Back 62

simple model that shows how matter and energy flow through an ecoststem

Front 63

foood web

Back 63

model that shows all the possiblke feeding relatinoships at each trophic level in a community

Front 64

heterotroph

Back 64

organisms that cannot make their own food and that must feel on other organisms for energy and nutrients

Front 65

trophic leverl

Back 65

organism that represents a feeding step in the movement of energy and materials through an ecosytem