Bio Subject Test 1 And 2 "evolution"

Front 1

comparative anatomy

Back 1

homologus structure

analogus structures

Front 2

homologus structure

Back 2

similar underlying anatomy, different fuction

common evolutionary origin

ex wings of bat, flipper of whale

Front 3

analogus structures

Back 3

similar functions
different evolutionary origins

differnt patterns of development

ex. wings of fly and wings of birds

Front 4

comparative embryology

Back 4

stage of embryonic development resemble the stages of the particular organism's evol. history

Front 5

comparative biochemistry

Back 5

universal genetic code

Front 6

vestigial structures

Back 6

appears to be useless in the context of a particular modern day organism's behavior and environment but were apparently useful at tone time

Front 7

Biogerography

Back 7

geographic barrier that cause individual in a population to evolve specific pattern

Front 8

theory of evolution

Back 8

lamarkican and darwin

Front 9

lamrkican evolution

Back 9

prinicple of use and disuse
(dissuse disappear)

inheritance of acquried characteristics

Front 10

type of evolution

Back 10

convergent evolution(like developing analogus structure)
divergent evolution (due to genetic draft/founder's effect)
directional evolution (phenotype shift towards extreme due to ecological condition)

Front 11

genetic draft

Back 11

cange in gene pool due to chance unlikely to adaptive

smaller the pop. greater effect of small change in allele frequency or of mutation on the gene pool of the next geneation

Front 12

founder effet

Back 12

small subset of pop become genetically isoled from the orgnal population

the smaller the sample size, the genetic composition of that region is less likely to represent the genetic composition of the larger population is derived from.

this type of genetic draft in an isolated group is known as founder's effect


isolated"founder" pop can diverge quite rapidly from original one

Front 13

convergent evol

Back 13

indepedent development of similar strucutre in different animal due to similar ecological role, selection pressure similartieis are analogus

Front 14

divergent evol.

Back 14

emergent of different species fra single ancestral species due to differing ecological roles and selecting pressure

often to the effet of minimizing competition by creating different species each speicialized to its particular niche

Front 15

darwin's theory of evolution

Back 15

1. individuals of any population very from one another in many characteristic due to mutation

2. gnetic variations can be inherited

3. members of population produce more offspring than the environment can support (cause competition)

4. those individual whose inherited characteristics fit them best to their evironment ar likely to leave more offspringthan less fit individual (natural selection)

5. over many gen. of natual selection, favorable change (adaptation) are perpetuated in the species. accumulation of these favorable change eventually results in speciation

Front 16

directional evolution

Back 16

the pheotypic norm of particular species shifts tward an extreme to adapt to selective pressure such as an increasingly colder environment

Front 17

darwin believed the driving force behind evolution was ??

Back 17

the fitness of the organism for its particular enviornment

Front 18

convergent evolution due to homology?

Back 18

no due to anology