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26 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
sexchromosomes
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chromosomes X and Y which determine genetic sex
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autosomes
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chromosomes 1-22; all the chromosomes except for the sex chromosomes
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karyotype
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deploid chromosome complememt typically shown as homologous chromosome paires arranged from longest to shortest
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genome
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complete set of chromosomes derived from one parent or two sets of chromosomes
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homozygous
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having identical genes at more than one loci
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heterozygous
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having different allelic genes at one locus or many loci
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dominant
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when one allele masks or suppresses the expression of its partner
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recessive
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a trait due to a particular allele that does not manifest itself in the presence of other alleles that generate traits dominant to it
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genotype
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one's genetic makeup or genes
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phenotype
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observable expression fo the genotype
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segregation
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during meiosis, the distribution of the members of the allele pair to different gametes
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independent assortment
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alleles on different pairs of homologous chromosomes are distributed independently of each other
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linked traits
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genes on the same chromosome that are physicall connected and transmitted as a unit to daughter cells during mitosis
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recombinant chromosomes
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occur when segments with their homologous counterparts ending in chromosomes with mixed contributions from each parent
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chiasma
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space where crossover occurs
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dominant-recessive inheritance
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reflects the interaction of dominant and recessive alleles
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incomplete inheritance
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the heterozygote has a phenotype intermediate between those of homozygous dominant and homozygous recessive individuals
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multiple-allele inheritance
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some genes exhibit more than two allel forms although we only inherit two alleles for each gene
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sex-linked inheritance
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inherited traits determined by genes on the sex chromosomes
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polygene inheritance
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phenotypes depend on several gene pairs at different locations acting at tandem and results in continuous phenotypic variation between two extremes
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genomic imprinting
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during gametogenesis, certain genes in both sperm and eggs are modified by menthyl and the allele can have different effects depending on which parent it comes from
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extrachromosomal inheritance
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mitochondrial genes are transmitted to the offspring almost exclusively by the mother
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carrier
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a trait is not expressed in the phenotype, but is expressed recessively in the genotype
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gene therapy
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procedures to alleviate or even cure the disorders by affecting a single defective gene or protein by replacing it
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amniocentesis
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fluid extraction from amniotic sac
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chorionic villi sampling
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small tube suctions off bits of the chorionic villi from the placenta for examination
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