Genetics: The Science Of Heredity

Front 1

What is the passing of traits from parent to offspring?

Back 1

heredity

Front 2

What is an organism with two different alleles for a trait?

Back 2

hybrid

Front 3

What are the factors that control traits?

Back 3

genes

Front 4

What are the physical characteristics of organisms?

Back 4

traits

Front 5

What is an allele whose trait always shows up in the organism?

Back 5

dominant allele

Front 6

What are the different forms of a gene?

Back 6

alleles

Front 7

What is the scientific study of heredity?

Back 7

genetics

Front 8

What is an allele whose trait is masked in the presence of a dominant allele?

Back 8

recessive allele

Front 9

What is a chart that showsall the possible cominations of alleles that can result fro a genetic cross?

Back 9

punnett square

Front 10

What is a number that describes how likely it is that an event will occur?

Back 10

probability

Front 11

What is an organism that has two identical alleles for a trait?

Back 11

homozygous

Front 12

What is an organism's physical appearance?

Back 12

phenotype

Front 13

What is an organism's genetic makeup, or allele combinations?

Back 13

genotype

Front 14

What is an organism that has two different alleles for a trait?

Back 14

heterozygous

Front 15

What is an inheritance pattern in which the alleles are neither dominant nor recessive?

Back 15

codominance

Front 16

What did Sutton study?

Back 16

the cells of grasshoppers

Front 17

What did he want to understand?

Back 17

how sex cells form

Front 18

What happens during sexual reproduction?

Back 18

genetic material from 2 parents combines to produce a new organism, which differs form both parents

Front 19

What is the chromosome theory of inheritance?

Back 19

genes are carried form parents to their offspring on chromosomes

Front 20

What is meiosis?

Back 20

the process by which th enumber of chromosomes are reduced by half to form sex cells (sperm and egg)

Front 21

Before meiosis begins, every what in the parent cell is what?

Back 21

- chromosome
- copied

Front 22

Chromosome pairs line up in the center of the cell. The pairs what, and the what form. Each sex cell has what of chromosomes.

Back 22

- separate
- two cells
- half the number

Front 23

Sex cells combine to produce offspring. Each sex cell contributes what of chromosomes. The offspring gets the what of chromosomes.

Back 23

- half the number
- normal number

Front 24

A punnet square is a way to show the events that occur during what?

Back 24

meiosis

Front 25

True or False: During meiosis, the two alleles for each gene stay together.

Back 25

true

Front 26

If the male parent cell is heterozygous for a trait, Tt, what alleles could the sperm cells possibly have?

Back 26

TT, Tt, tt

Front 27

How many pairs of chromosomes do human body cells contain?

Back 27

23 chromosome pairs

Front 28

What are chromosomes made up of?

Back 28

many genes joined togetherlike beads on a string

Front 29

How are the genes lined up in a pair of chromosomes?

Back 29

same order on both chromosomes

Front 30

What are the mutations?
- white lemur (in a zoo)
- white lemur (in the wild)
- antibiotic resistance i bacteria

Back 30

- neutral
- harmful
- helpful

Front 31

What occurs during protein syntheisi?

Back 31

the cell uses information from a gene on a chromosome to produce a specific protein

Front 32

What is the genetic code?

Back 32

a code that specifies what type of protein to produce

Front 33

A what is any change in a gene or chromosome?

Back 33

mutation

Front 34

A type of RNA that carries amino acids and adds them to the growing protein is called what?

Back 34

transfer RNA

Front 35

What is RNA that copies the coded message from the DNA in the nucleus and carries the message into the cytoplasm?

Back 35

messenger RNA