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67 Cards in this Set
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- Back
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Phylum Porifera |
No tissue, org. sys., or symmetry Sac body plan, Hermaphroditic filter feeders choanocytes - flagellated cells used for filter feeding amoebocytes - wander in mesohyl transporting Class Calcarea (spicules of CaCO3) Class Hexactinellida (spicules of silica) Class Demospongiae (spongin spicules) |
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Phylum Cnidaria |
Tissue org., radial symm. Mesoglea - layer b/w epidermis & gastrodermis Nerve nets; gastrovascular cav. for extracellular dig. Cnidocytes w/ nematocysts Classes: Hydrozoa, Scyphozoa, Cubozoa, Anthozoa |
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Class Hydrazoa |
Phylum Cnidaria Polyp is main stage of life cycle Meduse - used for sex. rep. Planula (larva) /Hydra/ (only polyp); /Obelia/; Port. Man o' War |
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Class Scyphozoa |
Phylum Cnidaria Jellyfish Medusa dominant |
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Class Cubozoa |
Phylum Cnidaria box jellies/sea wasps /Chironex fleckeri/ sea turtles can eat them |
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Class Anthozoa |
Phylum Cnidaria Only in polyp stage coral;sea anemones coral builds reefs symbiotic relations w/ zooxanthellae |
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Phylum Ctenophora |
comb jellies radial symmetry, tissue level org. largest animal to move via cilia** |
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Phylum Platyhelminthes |
Flatworms Branched Gastrovascular cavity (more SA) w/ extra and intracellular dig. No circ or resp sys. Protonephridia w/ flame cells (excretion) Mesoderm** Nerve cord w/ ganglia Tube in tube; dorsal-ventral flattened; acoelomate; protostome |
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Class Turbellaria |
Phylum Platyhelminthes /Planaria/ free living w/ eye spots Primitive learning (maze, etc.) Acoelomate |
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Class Trematoda |
Phylum Platyhelminthes flukes all are parasites (of vertebrates) w/ several hosts |
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Class Cestoda |
Phylum Platyhelminthes tapeworms head - scolex reproductive packets - proglottids 2+ hosts |
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Phylum Rotifera
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rotifers-"wheel animals" cell constant (all have same # of cells) mastax-used to grind food parthenogenesis fresh/marine water, terrestial organs; bilateral symm., 3 germ layers, tube in tube No segmentation, psuedocoelomate |
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Phylum Nematoda |
round worms (hookworms, pin worms, filaria) longitudinal muscles only free living & parasitic live everywhere hydrostatic skeleton /Trichinella/ causes trichonosis Bilateral,organs,3 germ layers,tube in tube no segmentation, psuedocoelomate |
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Phylum Nemertea |
Proboscis/ribbon worms bilateral,muscles,organs,3 germ layers, coelomates,tube in tube Differ from Platyhelminthes: (1) one way digestion [flat worms have 2-way]; (2) simple circ. system |
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Phylum Mollusca |
Charac: mantle (drapes visceral mass); CaCO3 shell; visceral mass (mass w/ organs); radula (food); muscular foot (move) 2nd largest phyla found in all habitats open circ. system; all major org. sys some hermaphroditic; most have separate sexes bilateral, tube-in-tube, 3 germ layers |
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Class Polyplacophora |
Phylum Mollusca segmented shell intertidal zones |
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Class Gastropoda |
Phylum Mollusca snails, whelks, slugs, nudibranchs (eat cnidaria & plants for nematocysts and chloroplasts) Mantle is vascular for respiration in terrestials Torsion (180 dgr twist of organs) - only in gastropods |
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Class Bivalvia |
Phylum Mollusca clams, oysters, scallops, mussels no radula; filter feed shell w/ two halves |
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Class Scaphopoda |
Phylum Mollusca toothshells looks like canine tooth |
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Class Cephalopoda |
Phylum Mollusca octupi, squid, chambered nautilus, cuttlefish foot modified into siphon (head & tentacle parts) Only mollusc w/ closed circ. sys** complex, capable of learning camera type eye(convergent evo.) squid-10 app., shell reduced, triangle head octupi-no shell, 8 app.,round head chamb. nautilus-coiled shell,many app. |
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Phylum Annelida
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segmented worms (each segment has distinct organs) circular & longitudinal muscles closed circ sys; blood w/ hemoglobin hydrostatic skeleton |
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Class Oligochaeta |
Phylum Annelida earthworms terrestrial and aquatic hermaphroditic help improve soil |
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Class Polychaeta |
Phylum Annelida marine and fan worms; christmas tree worms Parapodia - vascularized paired appendages for locomotion and gas exchange |
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Class Hirudinea |
Phylum Annelida leeches parasitic and carnivorous suckers on both ends fresh water and moist vegetation secrete anesthetic and hirudin(anticoagulant) |
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Phylum Onychophora |
velvet worm /Peripatus/ charc of annelids & arthropods (more likely a weird arthropod) annelid traits - internal segmentation, duplicated organs, no jointed legs arthrpd traits - jaw from appdgs, open circ. sys., resp. system, cuticle of chitin humid, tropical regions |
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Phylum Arthropoda |
Largest phyla Jointed appendages; modified legs (feeding, defense, swimming, etc.) Exoskeleton of chitin; molts outer layer to grow Open circ. system; hemocoel w/ hemolymph Green glands (aquatic) & malphigian tubules (land) for excretion; gills and tracheal tubes Internal fert. w/ separate sexes Highly developed sense organs & cephalization |
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Subphylum Trilobitomorpha |
Phylum Arthropoda trilobite extinct |
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Subphylum Cheliceriformes |
Phylum Arthropoda horseshoe crabs, arachnids, sea spiders, ticks cephalothorax and abdomen 6 pair appnds (1-chelicerae [claw like], 2-pedipalps [feeding], rest for walking on cphlthrx) resp tubes in book lungs (arachnids) or tracheal tubes) No antennae; single lense eyes |
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Class Merostomata
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Phylum Arthropoda;Subphylum Cheliceriformes horseshoe crabs, most extinct "living fossils" |
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Class Pycnogonida |
Phylum Arthropoda;Subphylum Cheliceriformes sea spiders looks like anorexic spider |
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Class Arachnida |
Phylum Arthropoda;Subphylum Cheliceriformes spiders, ticks, mites, harvestmen, scorpions |
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Subphylum Myriapoda |
Phylum Arthropoda mandibles modified from front legs Head with 1-2 pair antennae w/ cmpd eye & 3 pair of apdgs modified as mouthparts (including mandibles (jaw-like) Millipedes and centipedes All terestial |
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Class Chilopoda |
Phylum Arthropoda;Subphylum Myriapoda centipedes carnivorous 1 pair walking apds/segment poison claws on first segment |
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Class Diplopoda |
Phylum Arthropoda;Subphylum Myriapoda millipedes herbivours 2 pair walking legs/segment among earliest land animals |
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Subphylum Hexapoda |
Phylum Arthropoda 3 body regions (head, thorax, abdomen) mouthparts for chewing, sucking, lapping 3 pairs walking legs 2 pair wings mostly terrestial |
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Class Insecta |
Phylum Arthropoda; Subphyla Hexapoda Front legs modified into mandibles 1 pair of antennae & cmpd eye all habitats Cretaceous (w/ flowering plants) Legs and wings on thorax Mating organs on abdomen; internal fert. Malphigian tubes (excr); tracheal systems(resp) Metamorphosis (incomplete and complete) |
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Subphylum Crustacea |
Phylum Arthropoda crustaceans (crabs, lobster, shrimp, barnacles) /Daphnia/ 2-3 body parts 2 pair antennae 3+ pair legs mostly marine or freshwater appendages on abdomen |
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Phylum Brachiopoda |
lamp shell lophophorate ("U" shaped lophophore w/ tentacles for feeding) |
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Phylum Echinodermata |
Adults - radial symm; larva - bilateral Water vascular system (feeding, movement, resp., sensory perception) Tube feet, nerve ring Ossicles (bumps) form calcareous endoskeleton Separate sexes; all marine Some capable of regeneration |
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Class Asteroidea |
Phylum Echinodermata starfish tube feet on suckers mouth points down capable of regenerating arms |
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Class Ophiuroidea |
Phylum Echinodermata brittle stars slender sea stars no tube feet on suckers |
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Class Echinoidea |
Phylum Echinodermata regular (sea urchins) irregular (sand dollars) test body made of many fused plates no arms |
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Class Holothuroidea |
Phylum Echinodermata sea cucumbers soft body; reduced/no spines; no arms capable of regeneration evisceration is a defense mechanism 5 rows of tube feet (near mouth for eat) reduced skeleton |
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Class Crinoidea
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Phylum Echinodermata feather stars and sea lilies oldest echinoderm mouth points upward |
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Phylum Hemichordata |
acorn worms; proboscis Char. of chordates: pharyngeal gill slits & dorsal hollow nerve cord |
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Phylum Chordata |
Char: dorsal, hollow nerve chord; pharyngeal slits; notochord; muscular post-anal tail & blocks of muscle coelomates, bilateral ,tube in tube, 3 germ layers, segmented, w/ organs |
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Subphylum Urochordata |
Phylum Chordata
tunicates/sea squirts adults are sessile; sac like body filter feeders; gill slits larva have bilateral symm w/ 4 char. adults have only pharn. slits |
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Subphylum Cephalochodata |
Phylum Chordata lancelet /Amphioxus/ or /Brachiostoma/ filter feeders adult keeps all 4 char.** |
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Subphylum Craniata |
Phylum Chordata Includes vertebrates Backbone replaces notochord (can be cartilagenous or calcified) Muscles and vertebrae segmented Some modify gill slits Tail present in some; lost after embryo in some |
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Class Myxini |
Phylum Chordata; Subphylum Craniata; Grouping Pisces Hagfish (jawless fish) Feeds on detritus cartilaginous skeleton 2 chambered heart all marine slime for defense |
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Class Cephalospidomorphi |
Phylum Chordata; Subphylum Craniata; Grouping Pisces Lamprey (jawless fish); parasitic Cartilaginous skeleton w/ no collagen Cartilaginous pipe around notochord (like vertebrae) 2 chambered heart marine & freshwater |
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Class Placodermi |
Phylum Chordata; Subphylum Craniata; Grouping Pisces armored fish all extinct |
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Class Chondrichthyes |
Phylum Chordata; Subphylum Craniata; Grouping Pisces Cartilaginous fish (sharks, skates, rays) No swim bladder/lungs (fatty liver for buoyant) Urea retained in blood to osmoregulate (prevent dessication)(high osmolarety) Lateral line (to detect vibrations) Teeth are modified scales; 2 chambered heart Internal fert |
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Class Osteoichthyes |
Phylum Chordata; Subphylum Craniata; Grouping Pisces Bony fish Skeleton w/ Ca3(PO4)2 replaces cartilage Operculum - gill covering Swim Bladder - came from lung to adjust depth 2 chambered heart External fert. |
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Subclass Sarcopterygii |
Phylum Chordata; Subphylum Craniata; Grouping Pisces; Class Osteoichthyes Fleshy-finned fish Lung fish; lobe finned fish Arm/foot like projections Coelacanths |
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Subclass Actinopterygii |
Phylum Chordata; Subphylum Craniata; Grouping Pisces; Class Osteoichthyes Ray-finned fish Common fish (goldfish, bass, catfish, trout, moray eel) |
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Class Amphibia |
Phylum Chordata; Subphylum Craniata; Grouping Tetrapoda Arose from lobe-fins Lungs but use skin for gas exchange 2 nostrils; 3 chambered hearts Reproduce in h2o; external fert. Spermatophores (packets of sperm from males) Metamorphosis; Paedomorphosis in salamaders Ectothermic |
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Order Anura |
Phylum Chordata; Subphylum Craniata; Grouping Tetrapoda; Class Amphibia frogs (smooth, moist skin) toads(frogs w/ bumpy skin) |
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Order Urodela |
Phylum Chordata; Subphylum Craniata; Grouping Tetrapoda; Class Amphibia Salamanders & newts (aquatic salamanders w/ keeled [oar-like] tail) |
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Order Apoda |
Phylum Chordata; Subphylum Craniata; Grouping Tetrapoda; Class Amphibia Caecilians ('w/o legs') Look worm like Tropical |
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Class Reptilia |
Phylum Chordata; Subphylum Craniata; Grouping Tetrapoda Ectothermic; most w/ 3 chambered heart Better for land b/c advanced limbs, dry scaley skin to prevent h2o loss, keratinized skin, better lungs, ribcage (protect organs), internal fert, amniotic egg |
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Order Chelonia |
Phylum Chordata; Subphylum Craniata; Grouping Tetrapoda; Class Reptilia Turtles and tortoises Leatherback sea turtles (1 ton) |
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Order Rhychocephalia |
Phylum Chordata; Subphylum Craniata; Grouping Tetrapoda; Class Reptilia Tuatara /Sphenodon/ (sole survivor) 3rd eye on top of head (evidence of retina) |
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Order Squamata |
Phylum Chordata; Subphylum Craniata; Grouping Tetrapoda; Class Reptilia lizard and snakes |
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Order Crocodilia |
Phylum Chordata; Subphylum Craniata; Grouping Tetrapoda; Class Reptilia crocodiles, alligators, caimans, gavials Only reptile with 4 chambered heart |
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Class Aves |
Phylum Chordata; Subphylum Craniata; Grouping Tetrapoda Arose from thecodonts 4 chambered heart Air sacs increase gas exchange efficiency Endothermic Feathers Care for young Reptilian Char: amniotic egg; scales on legs |
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Class Mammalia |
Phylum Chordata; Subphylum Craniata; Grouping Tetrapoda Arose from therapsids Hair made of keratin; mammary glands; sweat glands Tooth Differentiation Well developed brain Muscular diaphragm 4 chambered heart; endothermic 3 bones in middle ear (malleus, incus, stapes) 3 groups(monotremes, marsupials, placentals) |
