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23 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Angiosperms are important to humans because our world economy is overwhelmingly based on them. We eat and use ___ structures (roots, stems, leaves) as well as ___ structures (flowers, fruits, seeds) of angiosperms. |
Vegetative Reproductive |
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Most botanist grouped angiosperms into two groups, depending on the number of ___ (seed leaves) in the embryo |
Cotyledons |
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Species having one cotyledon were called ___ |
Monocots |
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Species having two cotyledons were called ___ |
Dicots |
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Now, the vast majority of species once classified as dicots are now known as ___ |
Eudicots |
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___-flower stalk |
Peduncle |
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A ___ is a mature ovule that includes a seed coat, a food supply, and an embryo |
Seed |
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Seed and embryo development: ___ ___. During development, the ___ divides to form a mass of cells called the __\. Initially the embryo consists of a __ __, ___, and a two-called proembryo. The suspensor is the column of cells that pushes the embryo into the ___. The endosperm is extensive but is being digested |
Proembryo stage Zygote Embryo Basal cell Suspensor Endosperm |
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___ ___. Cell division of the proembryo soon leads to the globular stage that is radically symmetrical and has little internal cellular organization |
Globular stage |
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___-___ ___. Differential divisions of the globular stage produces bilateral symmetry and two ___ forming the heart-shaped embryo. The enlarging cotyledons store digested food from the endosperm. Tissue differentiation begins, and root and shoot meristems soon appear |
Heart-shaped stage Cotyledons |
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___ ___. The cotyledons and root axis soon elongate to produce an elongate torpedo-stage embryo. Procambial tissue appears and will later develop into vascular tissue |
Torpedo stage |
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___ ___. The mature embryo has large, bent cotyledons on each side of the ___ ___ ___. The ___, later to form the root, is differential toward the suspensor. The radical has a __ __ __ and ___ ___. The ___ is the region between the apical meristem and the radicle. The endosperm is depleted, and food is stored in the cotyledons. The ___ is the region between attachment of the cotyledons and the stem apical meristem; it has not elongated in the mature embryo |
Mature embryo Stem apical meristem Radicle Root apical meristem Root cap Hypocotyl Epicotyl |
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A ___ is a mature, ripened ovary plus any associated tissue |
Fruit |
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A typical fruit has an outer wall called a ___ composed of an ___, ___, and ___ |
Pericarp Exocarp Mesocarp Endocarp |
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___- the lowermost or outermost whorls of structures, which are usually leaflike and protect the developing flower; they collectively constitute the calyx |
Sepals |
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___- whorls of structures located inside and usually above the sepals; may be large and pigmented (in insect-pollinated flowers) or inconspicuous (in wind-pollinated plants); they collectively constitute the corolla |
Petals |
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___- the male portion of the plant that rises above and inside the petals; consists of ___, each of which consists of a ___ atop which is located an ___; inside the anthers are ___ ___, which are the microgametophytes and contain the male gametes |
Androecium Stamens Filament Anther Pollen grains |
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___- the female portion of the planet that rises above and inside the androecium; consists of one or more ___, each made up of an ___, ___, and ___; the ovary contains ___ that contain the megagametophyte; the megagametophyte is called the embryo sac and contains female gametes |
Gynoecium Carpels Ovary Style Stigma Ovules |
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Production of spores in the sporophyte by meiosis is part of a larger process called ___ |
Sporogenesis |
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Flowering plants produce two types of spores; ___ and ___ |
Microspores and megaspores |
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Production of gametes by the gametophytes is called ___ |
Gametogenesis |
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Within the flower, the haploid nuclei in a mature pollen grain include a ___ ___ and a ___ ___ |
Tube nucleus Generative nucleus |
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The tube nucleus controls the growth of the pollen tube, and the generative nucleus replicated to produce two ___ ___ |
Sperm nuclei |
