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19 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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How to find standard deviation |
1. find the mean 2. subtract the mean from each data 3. square the resulting number 4. add the values together 5. subtract 1 from the sample size 6. divide the added value by the sample size minus 1 |
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percentage within one standard deviation, two standard deviations, and three |
68.2%, 95%, and 99.7% |
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Significance of a t-test |
compares averages and standard deviation to see if there is a significant difference between them. |
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Metabolic pathways |
chains or cycles of enzyme-catalyzed reactions |
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purpose of enzymes |
catalyze metabolic reactions |
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competitive and non-competitive inhibitors |
inhibitors bind to the enzyme and reduce their activity. Competitive are structurally similar and competes with the substrate by binding to the active site. Non-Competitive inhibitors are structurally dissimilar and bind to another site on the enzyme. |
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When does end-product inhibition occur |
when the final product in an enzyme catalyzed pathway alosterically inhibits the first enzyme in a reaction |
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Oxidation and Reduction |
oxidation is the loss of electrons from an element and releases energy. Reduction is the gain of electrons from an element and gains energy. |
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phosphorylation |
the beginning of glycolysis -occurs in the cytoplasm -2 ATP lose a phosphate to glucose and become ADP |
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Lysis |
second step of glycolysis - fructose is broken down into PGAL - 2 pyruvate, 2 NADH, and 4 ATP are produced |
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Aerobic respiration |
Pyruvate becomes acetyl coenzyme A |
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Krebs cycle |
provides hydrogen to NAD and FAD that can be used in the electron transport chain to provide energy of the formation of ATP |
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Electron Transport Chain |
Produces ATP |
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Light dependent reactions |
- take place in thykaloid membrane -use light directly -light energy is converted into chemical energy in the form of ATP and reduced NADP |
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Light independent reactions |
- take place in stroma -does not use light directly |
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thykaloid |
internal folded membranes |
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lumen |
fluid filled spaces inside the thykaloid |
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stroma |
colorless fluids surrounding the thykalois |
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Photosystem 1 and 2 |
-located in the thykaloids - harvest light energy using chloroplasts and other accessory pigments -contain reaction center |
