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94 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Alimentary Canal |
Single tube of digestive tract with openings at both ends and specialized areas for digestion.
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Active transport |
Transport of a solute across a membrane that's against it's gradient (low to high).
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Angiosperm |
Flowering plant with "enclosed seed" AKA fruit. |
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Apomorphic |
A derived characteristic of a clade. Any feature novel to a species and it's descendants. |
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Archea |
One of the 3 domains of life.
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Aboral |
Refers to the region opposite to the mouth. |
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Amylase |
Used in for the digestion of starch, digestive enzyme. |
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Autotroph |
Organism that gets its energy from either inorganic molecules or light. |
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Bacteria |
One of the 3 domains of life. |
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Bilateral symmetry |
Can be divided equally by a vertical plane at the mid line. |
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Bilateria |
Bilaterally symmetrical animals. |
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Binomial nomenclature |
Standard method for naming animals. Each has a genus and a species. |
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Bryophytes |
Liverwarts, mosses, hornwarts, the modern non vascular land plants. |
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Blatopore |
Small opening created when a band of tissue invaginates during gastrulation. |
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Bulk feeder |
Carnivores, herbivores, omnivores, eat food in large pieces. |
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Cambrian Explosion |
Event during Cambrian period, approximately 500 mya, where there was a huge increase in diversity of animal life. |
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Carboniferous |
CO2 at its lowest, O2 at its highest. Big trees that didn't decompose |
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Carnivore |
Consumes animal flesh and fluids. |
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Cecum |
First part of the large intestine. |
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Choanocyte |
Specialized cell in sponges that traps and eats small particles. |
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Choanoflagellate |
Closest living animal relative. It's a unicellular eukaryote. |
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Chordata |
Animal with spinal chord. 1) notochord (rod of cartilage that runs along back) 2) tubular nerve or spinal cord 3) gill slits or arches 4) post anal tail |
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Clade |
Most recent common ancestor and all its descendants
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Cladogenesis |
Speciation pattern where a species is divided into two or more species. |
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Cnidaria |
A stinging cell that functions in defense or for capturing prey. |
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Convergent evolution |
Two different species from different lineages show same traits (ant eater). |
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Cretaceous |
Last period of the Mesozoic area. K/T Boundary, right before tertiary period.
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Determinate Cleavage |
Fate of each embryonic cell is determined very early. |
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Indeterminate Cleavage |
Each cell made by the cleavage has the ability to develop into a complete embryo. |
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Deuterostome |
Animal with radial cleavage and indeterminate cleavage and the blastopore becomes the anus. |
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Diffusion |
When a solute moves from a high to low concentration. Facilitated uses a transport protein. |
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Diploblastic |
Two germ layers (ectoderm and endoderm) no mesoderm |
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Dorsal |
Refers to the upper side of the animal |
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Double Fertilization |
Two different fertilization events occur, producing a zygote and a nutritive endosperm tissue (like placenta) |
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Ecdysozoa |
Clade of moulting animals, encompases arthropods and nematodes |
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Egg/Ovum |
Female gamete |
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Emulsification |
During digestion, turns big lipid droplets into smaller lipid droplets, therefore increasing surface area |
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Essential nutrient |
Cannot be made from any products made in the body or ingested, has to be ingested |
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Eukarya |
One of the three domains of life |
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Eumetazoa |
Supgroup of animals with more than one type of tissue and usually different types of organs |
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Feedforward regulation |
Think pos/neg feedback. Detects variable change before it occurs |
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Fluid feeder |
Licks or sucks fluids from plants or animals. Doesn't need teeth except the pierce skin. |
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Frugivore |
Herbivore that eats mostly fruit. |
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Gametophyte |
Haploid stage that produces gametes by mitosis (in plants and multicellular protists) |
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Gastrointestinal Tract |
Organ system responsible for consuming and digesting food, absorbing nutrients and expelling waste. Consists of stomach and intestines. |
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Gastrovascular Cavity |
A body cavity with a single opening on the outside- acts as digestive and circulatory systems |
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Gastrulation |
Creating a germ layer. An area of the blastula invaginates. |
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Germ layer |
Embryonic cell layer such as ectoderm, endoderm, mesoderm |
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Hardy Weinberg Equilibrium |
(p2+ 2p+ q2=1) Relates to allele and genotype frequency, the equation predicts equilibrium if : -population is large -random mating -population doesn't migrate -no natural selection or new mutations |
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Herbivore |
Died of plants |
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Heterotrophic |
Requires organic molecules from the environment |
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Homeostasis |
Regulatory processes to maintain stable conditions |
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HOX genes |
Class of genes involved in pattern of formation of embryos |
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Hydra |
Freshwater colentrate with stalklike tubular body |
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Inheritance of acquired characteristics |
Species change over time, getting new characteristics. Jean- Baptiste Lamark |
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Lancelet |
32 species of fish-like marine chordates |
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Lophotrozoa |
Clade that encompases annelids, molluscs and several other phyla. Two morpholigical features 1) a lophophore (crown of tentacles for feeding) 2) trochophore larva |
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Lumen |
Internal space of an organelle |
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Lymphatic system |
System of vessels along with a group of organs and tissues where most leukocytes reside. Collects extra interstitial fluid and returns it to blood. |
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Micropyle |
Small opening in the intugement of a seed plant ovule where pollen grows |
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Monophyletic |
Taxon, most recent ancestor and all of its descendants. |
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Negative Feedback |
Sensor, control, effector. Moves variable in opposite direction. |
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Omnivore |
Eats plants and animals. |
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Oral surface |
Region where the mouth is located |
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Organ systems |
Different organs work together. Digestive, circulatory, excretory, nervous. |
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Osmosis |
Movement of water across a membrane to balance solute concentration. Hypotonic (lower solute) Hypertonic (higher solute) |
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Paraphyletic group |
A group that contains a common ancestor and some, but not all of its descendents |
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Parisomy |
Principle that tells us to choose the simplest scientific explanation that fits the evidence |
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Persistalsis |
Involuntary muscle contraction that gets the bolus from the esophagus to the stomach |
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Phylogeny |
Evolutionary history of species |
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Plathyhelminthe |
Phylum of flat worms, flat, bilaterally symmetrical body and no body cavity |
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Plesiomorphic |
An ancestral character |
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Symplesiomorphic |
A character shared by a number of groups but inherited by ancestors older than the last common ancestor. |
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Polyphyletic group |
Group of members from several evolutionary lines and does not include most recent common ancestor |
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Positive feedback |
Increases variable, AKA child birth |
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Protist |
Organism in the Eukarya domain but not plant, fungi, animal. Microscopic, likes moist areas. |
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Protostome |
Animal that has spiral determinate cleavage and blastopore becomes the mouth |
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Radial symmetry |
Can be divided equally by any line passing through the central axis |
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Radiata |
Any animal displaying radial symmetry |
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Rugae |
Folds in the stomach, increases SA |
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Rumen |
First compartment of the stomach in a ruminant animal |
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SA/V Ratio |
1cm 6x1^2=6 1^3=1 Ratio 6/1 |
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Sporophyte |
Diploid generation of plants or multicellular protists that have a sporic life cycle- produces haploid spores by meiosis |
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Sporopollenin |
Tough material, makes up the walls of the plant spores, helps prevent cellular damage during transport of air |
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Stomach |
Sac-like, food storage, partial digestion of macromolecules |
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Supergroup |
How we organize eukaryotes into monophyletic groups (one ancestor) |
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Suspension feeder |
Sifts through water removing organic matter and expelling the rest |
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Taxonomic rank |
Kingdum, phylum, class.. etc |
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Triboplastic |
3 germ layers, endoderm, ectoderm, mesoderm |
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Tunicate |
a marine invertebrate of a group that includes the sea squirts and salps. They have a rubbery or hard outer coat and two siphons to draw water into and out of the body. |
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Vascualr tissue |
Plant tisue that makes up the vascular systme, xylem and phloem, also structural support |
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Ventral |
Lower side of the animal |
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Villi/Microvilli |
Finger like projections extending from the luminal surface of the lumen in the small intestine. Digestion/Absorption |
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Zygote |
Diploid cell, formed by the fusion of two gametes |